The Particle Theory of Matter

1. 5.1 The Particle Theory of Matter The five main ideas of the particle theory of matter are • All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them. • Different substances are made up of different kinds ofparticles. • The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases. • Particles attract each other. • Particles are in constant random motion. particle theory of matter

2. 5.1 The Particle Theory of Matter • Scientists use these ideas to explain the different behaviours of solids, liquids, and gases. • Forces of attraction between particles and relatively little motion of particles will result in a solid. • When heated, particles move faster and overcome the forces of attraction, resulting in a liquid. • If heating continues, particles move so fast they can fly apart, resulting in a gas. particle theory of matter

3. 5.1 The Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified into two main categories--pure substances and mixtures-- based on what typesof particles make up the matter. • When a substance consists of only one type of particle, it is a pure substance. Examples of pure substances include distilled water, carbon dioxide, and pure iron. • When a substance consists of more than one type of particle, it is a mixture. Examples of mixtures include granola bars, sand, and water. pure substances mixtures

4. 5.1 The Classification of Matter • Mixtures can be further classified into mechanical mixtures and solutions. • We can visually distinguish the different substancesin a mechanical mixture. Examples of mechanicalmixtures include granola and Caesar salad. • The different substances in a solution cannot be visually distinguished. A solution looks like a pure substance, but it is not. Examples of solutions include apple juice and non-distilled water. • An alloy is a type of solution in which two or more metals are mixed together. Examples of alloys include bronze and stainless steel. mechanical mixtures solutions alloy