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The Particle Theory of Matter

The Particle Theory of Matter. What is matter?. Matter is defined as anything that occupies space & has mass Examples air, water, living things, non-living things. Particle Theory of Matter. 1. All matter is made of tiny particles (atoms, ions, & molecules)

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The Particle Theory of Matter

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  1. The Particle Theory of Matter

  2. What is matter? Matter is defined as anything that occupies space & has mass Examples air, water, living things, non-living things

  3. Particle Theory of Matter 1. All matter is made of tiny particles (atoms, ions, & molecules) The particles have spaces between them

  4. Particle Theory of Matter • 2. Different pure substance are made up of different types of particles

  5. 3. Particles are always in constant random motion Particle Theory of Matter

  6. 4. The particles in a substance attract each other Particle Theory of Matter The amount of attraction is different for different substances GASES: Weak, LIQUIDS: Strong, SOLIDS: Very Strong

  7. Particle Theory of Matter • 5. The particles of a substance move faster when heated

  8. Kinetic Particle Theory (KPT) • The kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of particles and that these particles are in constant, random motion. KPT: • Describe the states of matter • Explains the differences in particles of solid, liquids, gases • Explains the changes of states.

  9. Kinetic Particle Theory Solid State • Particles of solid are closely packed in orderly manner • Vibrate about their fixed positions

  10. Kinetic Particle Theory Liquid State • Particles of a liquid are closely packedin disorderly pattern • The particles roll and slide over one another

  11. Kinetic Particle Theory Gaseous State • Particles of a gas are spread far apart from one another • The forces of attraction between the particles are weak

  12. Physical properties of the solid, liquid and gaseous states

  13. Melting • Changing from a solid to a liquid ismelting • As heat energy is supplied, the particles vibrate, until the vibrations of the particles overcome the attractive forces between them

  14. Freezing • Changing from a liquid to a solid isfreezing • Particles lose kinetic energy and begin to move more slowly. When the temperature is low enough, some particles start to settle into fixed positions. Finally,all particles settle into fixed positions

  15. Evaporation • Changing from a liquid to a gas is Evaporation • When heated, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. Eventually, they have enough energy to overcome forcesholding them together. They spread far apart and move rapidly in all directions. The substance is a gas. • Liquids that evaporate quickly at room temperature are called volatile liquids

  16. Condensation • Changing from a gas to a liquid is Condensation • Heat energy is given out during Condensation.As the temperature drops, the gas particles lose energy and move more slowly.Eventually, the movement of particles become slow enough for the gas to change into a liquid.

  17. Sublimation • Changing from a solid to a gas is Sublimation • A substance sublimes because the forces between the particles in liquid state are too weak to remain in the state. Dry Ice, Solid iodine, ammonia chloride sublime.

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