1 / 33

Cell and cytoplasm

Explore the morphology, functions, and components of cells, from the nucleus to organelles, in multi-cellular organisms. Learn about cell surfaces, membranes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and cell division processes. Comprehensive guide for anatomy students.

patriciaalvarado
Download Presentation

Cell and cytoplasm

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell and cytoplasm Dr. EN L'Abbe Rm 5 -6 BMW Tel: 319 - 2438 l'abbe@med.up.ac.za ANA 151 Cells

  2. Objectives • Morphology and basic function: • Cell • Cytoplasm • Organelles • Other intracellular contents • Nucleus and cell division ANA 151 Cells

  3. Anatomy handbook pg. 9 to 13. • http://histoweb.up.ac.za ANA 151 Cells

  4. 17th c. microscopy • Robert Hooke • Micrographia (1664) • Malpighi (1660's) • Blood vessels in chick embryos • Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1670's) • Manufactured microscopes ANA 151 Cells

  5. Multi-cellular organisms • Cell • Distinct entity • Can function independently • Cell membrane: separates from the external environment • Shape is adapted to function ANA 151 Cells

  6. Cell substance (protoplasm) • 70% water • Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) • Inorganic materials such as calcium, potassium, sodium, iron etc. ANA 151 Cells

  7. Main components • Surface of the cell • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Organelles • Except for ribosomes, all have membranes ANA 151 Cells

  8. Cell surfaces • Cilia • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium • Microvilli • Junctional complexes • GI tract ANA 151 Cells

  9. ANA 151 Cells

  10. Cell surfaces • Cilia • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium • Microvilli • Junctional complexes • GI tract ANA 151 Cells

  11. Cell membrane • Protect cell, selectively permeable, cell to cell interactions • Endocytosis - bring in • Exocytosis - send out • Phospholipid bilayer ANA 151 Cells

  12. ANA 151 Cells

  13. Ribosomes • Synthesizing proteins • Free floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Plentiful in liver cells and erythroblasts ANA 151 Cells

  14. Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Parallel tubes, sheets and cavities • Studded with ribosomes • Prominent in liver and pancreatic cells - manufacture proteins for secretion • Associated with Golgi apparatus and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ANA 151 Cells

  15. ANA 151 Cells

  16. Golgi apparatus • Parallel tubes of various shape and size. • No ribosomes • Process and modify RER secretion products • Secretory vesicles ANA 151 Cells

  17. ANA 151 Cells

  18. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth tubules that anatomose • No ribosomes • Steroid synthesis and drug detoxification occurs ANA 151 Cells

  19. Lysosomes • Small digestive organelle • Removes bacteria, old organelles, and secretory vesicles from the cell • Macrophages ANA 151 Cells

  20. Mitochondria • Ovid or rod-shaped • Double membrane • Christae mitochondriales - inner folds • Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ANA 151 Cells

  21. ANA 151 Cells

  22. Cytoskeleton • Intracellular architecture • Microtubules - pipe-like structure • Microfilament • Centrioli • 9 sets of microtubules ANA 151 Cells

  23. ANA 151 Cells

  24. Nucleus • Largest organelle • Contains chromosomes (DNA) • Gene expression, heredity and cell division (mitosis and meiosis) • Shape is variable: round, oval, kidney ANA 151 Cells

  25. Nuclear envelope • Double membrane with pores (nuclear pores) • Restricts molecules larger than 70 nm • Nucleolus: RNA production • Nucleoplasm ANA 151 Cells

  26. Chromosomes • Humans: 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) • 22 pairs: autosomes • 1 pair: sex chromosomes • Female: XX • Male: XY ANA 151 Cells

  27. Cell division • Replace old cells, develop new cells, and form egg and sperm cells • Process of division is mitosis for autosomes chromosomes and meiosis for sex chromosomes. ANA 151 Cells

  28. Mitosis • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Process produces an identical cell ANA 151 Cells

  29. Prophase ANA 151 Cells

  30. Metaphase ANA 151 Cells

  31. Anaphase ANA 151 Cells

  32. Telophase ANA 151 Cells

  33. Meiosis • Each sex cell has unique, genetic information • Meiosis I: Metaphase: recombination • 1st division: daughter cells not identical to each other or to parental cells • Meiosis II: reduction (same as mitosis) ANA 151 Cells

More Related