Download
1 / 26
0 likes | 16 Views
cchepter # 1 Chaptar 1 Hydrological Cycle 1
E N D
Self Introduction Name: CH. KARAMAT ALI Qualification: B.sc. Civil Engineering, UET, Lahore M.Sc. Hydraulic Engineering, New Castle Upon tyne England Ph.D.(Sch.) Course Work completed and Research in progress. Service Profile: • Joined as SDO in Irrigation Department during (1978) Worked as Executive Engineering, Superintending Engineering in the Irrigation Department • Worked as Deputy Secretary Irrigation & Deputy Director Anti-Corruption Faisalabad • Worked as Senior Engineer NESPAK (1983 to 1988) • Worked as Chief Water Supply & Sanitation in Punjab P&D Department (2005 to 2010) • Promoted as chief Engineer and Posted as Chief Engineer Faisalabad Zone and Chief Engineer P&R • Posted as General Manager PIDA (2010 to 2012) • Finally Retired as Chief Engineer Irrigation Department (2013) Participation in Conferences • Conducted Workshops / Seminars at Civil Divisional Level on involvement and Sanitations. • Delivered Lectures to the Senior Officers in Punjab Engineering Academy in Technical Accounting & Environment Fields Since 1990 to date. • Participated in National & International Conferences held in Thyland, Singapur and Bangladesh Present Position • Working as Head of Water Sector in University of Lahore
HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (CE3505) CH (2+1) Objective: To enable students to learn broad areas of hydrological engineering and principles of water management particularly in irrigated agriculture. Course Contents: Introduction: Hydrology, hydrologic cycle and the hydrologic equation,practical uses of hydrology, importance of hydrology. Meteorology: The atmosphere and its composition, relative humidity, dewpoint and their measurement devices. Saturation deficit. The general circulation of wind system, the monsoons and western disturbances. Measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, radiation, sunshine , atmospheric pressure and wind velocity & direction.
Precipitation: Types of precipitation, factors necessary for the formation ofprecipitation, measurement of precipitation, interpretation of precipitation data, computation of average rainfall over a basin. Evaporation and Transpiration: Factors affecting evaporation, measurementof evaporation, evapo-transpiration. Stream Flow: Water Stage and its measurement, selection of site for stagerecorder, selection of control and metering section, methods of measurement of stream flow, interpretation of stream flow data. Runoff: Runoff understanding, rainfall runoff relationship, factors affecting runoff, calculation of runoff from a watershed through graphical and empirical methods. Hydrograph analysis: Characteristic of Hydrograph, components of a hydrograph, hydrograph separation, estimating the volume of direct runoff, introduction to unit hydrograph concept, S-curve, Application of probability in determining maxima/minima of discharge. Types of histogram and distribution
Stream Flow Routing: Introduction to floods and its causes, frequency andduration analysis. Reservoir routing, channel routing. Groundwater: Introduction, sources and discharge of ground water. Watertable and artesian aquifer, ground hydraulics, pumping test. Flood disaster and management: Definition, causes of flood, types and stages of flood, flood disaster, flood management/control through structural and non structural measures. Book Recommended Warren Viessman, Jr. and Gary L. Lewis, Introduction to Hydrology, 5th Edition Prentice Hall R. K. Linsley, Max A. Kohler, and Joseph L. Paulhus, Hydrology for Engineers by (Latest edition) Linsley, R. K., J. Franzini, Water Resources Engineering, McGraw Hill. 4. David, A. Chin, Water Resources Engineering, John Wiley & Sons.
Hydrology & Water Resources Management The student after studying the subject will be capable to:-
Preface to the Second Edition On joining the University and allocation of this subject to the undersigned, it was observed that no standard document was available on the subject. Faculty members were teaching and evaluating the subject differently and ultimately the students were suffering. In order to provide a “unified course content” a document was drafted during 2014, which covers the main scope of the syllabus. This document is being referred as a guideline both for faculty members as well as for the Students. However the same has been reviewed. Omissions rectified and some additional material included. Furthermore, the PEC/HEC has now introduced a new system of education, which mainly focuses on the outcome based. The course content has also been revised and made consistent to the HEC guidelines. It is expected that this document will now prove more helpful and a source of learning in line with OBE requirements. The document is reasonably productive and useful for the students for their academic guidance and preparation of test/interviews. It is also expected that Professional Engineers will also be benefited through this material as it provides appropriate information relevant to the basic Hydrological system. Ch. Karamat Ali Chief Engineer (R) Irrigation Dated: Sept. 10th, 2017 In charge Water Sector UOL
Lecture 1 Introduction Hydrology and Water Resources Management
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY • Hydrology is the branch of science which deals with all water on earth. Its occurrence, distribution and circulation. Its physical and chemical properties and effect on the environment/life of all forms. • Hydrology also deals with generation of precipitation, its transportation through air, falling down to the Ground Surface, percolation and ultimately flow to the Ground Water. • Thus this is a science which deals with various phases of Hydrological Cycle as shown here after.
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY Continued…
4.5.2 CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION On a hot day, the ground surface is heated unequally and so is the air near the ground surface. This causes air that is heated more to rise in atmosphere, to cool and then to condense resulting into precipitation. Such type of precipitation is called convective precipitation and normally covers a small area for a short duration but has a high intensity.
4.5.3 OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION When the winds carrying sufficient water vapour are obstructed by a range of hills or mountains, they are mechanically lifted up. During this lifting, the air is cooled and condensation takes Place. This results in heavy precipitation on the windward side and the precipitation on the leeward side reduces substantially. The precipitation caused due to the obstruction by mountains is called orographic precipitation. In India, precipitation is mostly due to this type. Figure 4.1 shows a specific case of orographic precipitation.
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY Practical applications of Hydrology Following are the main areas which requires comprehensive hydrological background and its application • Design of Hydrological Structures • Municipal and Industrial Water Supply • Irrigation • Hydropower Flood Control • Navigation • Erosion and Sediment Control • Pollution Abatement
