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PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES

PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES. TEACHER Silvino Sieben 3ª SÉRIE EM. PREPOSITIONS Connected to the following noun phrase: the book is on the table Unstressed: They gathered round him Pronouns go AFTER the preposition

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PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES

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  1. PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES TEACHER Silvino Sieben 3ª SÉRIE EM

  2. PREPOSITIONS • Connected to the following noun phrase: the book is on the table • Unstressed: They gathered roundhim • Pronouns go AFTER the preposition • Adverbs go between the verb and preposition: They searched (verb) quickly through (preposition) his briefcase • Prepositions can go before WH words: From whom are we stealing? PARTICLES • Structurally connected to the preceding verb: I give up • Stressed: they decided to beat him up • Pronouns go BEFORE the particle • Adverbs go before the verb: They savagely (adverb) ripped up his docs • Particles do NOT go before WH words • Phrasal verbs: verb + particle  single unit of meaning

  3. PREPOSITIONS

  4. PREPOSITIONS – LOCATION IN SPACE POINTS: no relevantdimension SURFACES: 1 or 2 dimensions AREAS: interior spaces with volume, 2 or 3 dimensions

  5. PREPOSITIONS LOCATION IN TIME • points in time: at • restricted units of time such as dates and days (or their parts): on • more extended periods such as months, years and seasons: in LOCATION IN METAPHOR • in: cognitive/emotional: in love • on: support/dependece: he’s on drugs • at: critical point

  6. TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS1. non-separable: verb + particle  get up, give in, go on2. non-separable: verb+particle+object care for (someone), look after (someone)3. Separable (OBLIGATORY): verb + object + particle find (something) out, shut (something ) up, ask (someone) out

  7. TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS4. Separable (optional) Verb+object+particle Verb+ particle + object blow away (something) turn on (something) hand out (something) • blow (something) away • turn (something) on • hand (something) out

  8. MEANING OF PARTICLES • up: increase, completion • down: decrease, completion • off: disconnection, completion • on: connection, continuation • out: removal, change of state • away: disconnection, unrestrained action

  9. Based on the work by YULE, George. Oxford University Press, 1998 (chapter 3)

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