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Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Scale in Chemistry

Learn about the characteristics of acids and bases, acid nomenclature, naming acids and bases, base nomenclature, pH scale, pH indicators, body fluids' pH levels, calculating pH and pOH, and more in this comprehensive chemistry guide.

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Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Scale in Chemistry

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Characteristics of an Acid/ Base • List at least three characteristics of an acid. • List at least three characteristics of a base.

  3. Acid Nomenclature • If the anion ends in ’ide’, the acid is named as: • If the anion ends in ’ate’, the acid is named as: • Hydro - stem - ic • HBr - hydrobromic • stem - ic • H2CO3 - carbonic

  4. Naming Acids • HBr • H2CO3 • HI • H2SO4 • H3P • HNO3

  5. Write The Formula • Hydrofluoric acid • Phosphoric acid • Hydronitric acid • Chloric acid • Acetic acid

  6. Base Nomenclature • Those bases containing metal cations and hydroxide anions are named like other ionic compounds. • NaOH - sodium hydroxide • Fe(OH)3 - Iron hydroxide

  7. Writing base formula/ names • Barium hydroxide • Lithium hydroxide • Aluminum hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 • KOH • Bi(OH)3

  8. Base Nomenclature • Those bases that are related to ammonia can be named as the amine of the alkyl hydrocarbon group attached to the nitrogen. • Remember roots names for the first 10 hydrocarbons

  9. Base Nomenclature • Examples • ammonia is NH3 • Methylamine is CH3NH2 • Ethylamine is C2H5NH2 • Pentylamine would be: • C8H17NH2 would be named: • Can you make a list of the first 10 names and formulas?

  10. The pH scale • The pH scale is a logarithmic scale (?) used to express acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It depends on the relative amounts of H+ and OH- ions in the solution.

  11. The pH Indicators • Color Indicators • Specific - change color only once at a specific pH. (phenolphthalein) • Universal Indicators - change colors gradually as the pH changes. (certain plant extracts)

  12. Body Fluids • Blood = 7.4 • Gastric Juice = 0.7 • Urine = 6.0 • Pancreatic Juice = 8.1 • Cerebrospinal Fluid = 7.3 • Saliva = 7.0 What conclusions can be made?

  13. Calculating pH • pH = -log [H+] What is the pH of a solution with a 1 x 10-4 (0.0001) H+ ion concentration? • -log (1x10-4) = 4 • What about the pOH?

  14. pOH • Indicates the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

  15. pH and pOH • pH + pOH = 14 • So if the concentration of H+ is 1 x 10-4 and pH = 4 • It also means the OH-1 concentration is OH-1 is 1 x 10-10 and pOH = 10 • This solution is acidic because H+ > OH-.

  16. Complete the following table

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