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Acids and Bases

Learn about the dissociation of strong bases, reaction of weak bases with water, and how to calculate pH. Identify patterns to help with weak base equilibrium problems.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Dissociation of Strong Bases MOH(s)  M+(aq) + OH-(aq) • Strong bases are metallic hydroxides • Group I hydroxides (NaOH, KOH) are very soluble • Group II hydroxides (Ca, Ba, Mg, Sr) are less soluble • pH of strong bases is calculated directly from the concentration of the base in solution

  3. Reaction of Weak Bases with Water The base reacts with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion: CH3NH2 + H2O  CH3NH3+ + OH- Kb = 4.38 x 10-4

  4. Kb for Some Common Weak Bases Many students struggle with identifying weak bases and their conjugate acids.What patterns do you see that may help you?

  5. Reaction of Weak Bases with Water The generic reaction for a base reacting with water, producing its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion: B + H2O  BH+ + OH- (Yes, all weak bases do this – DO NOT endeavor to make this complicated!)

  6. A Weak Base Equilibrium Problem What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of ammonia, NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 ? Step #1:Write the equation for the reaction NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  7. A Weak Base Equilibrium Problem What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of ammonia, NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 ? Step #2:ICE it! NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- 0.50 0 0 +x +x - x x x 0.50 - x

  8. A Weak Base Equilibrium Problem What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of ammonia, NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 ? Step #3:Set up the law of mass action NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- E 0.50 - x x x

  9. A Weak Base Equilibrium Problem What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of ammonia, NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 ? Step #4:Solve for x, which is also [OH-] NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- E 0.50 - x x x [OH-] = 3.0 x 10-3 M

  10. A Weak Base Equilibrium Problem What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of ammonia, NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 ? Step #5:Convert [OH-] to pH NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- E 0.50 - x x x

  11. Read 14.6: Bases Page 706 questions #71,72,79,80,83,84

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