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Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire

Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire. Monday, Oct. 24th. Global Studies 10: Organizer #9 check Ottoman MAP exercise Library: Term Paper research HW: Org’r #10, Topics due Wednesday. Global Studies 9: Organizer #9 check Venn Diagram Ottoman MAP exercise

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Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire

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  1. Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire

  2. Monday, Oct. 24th • Global Studies 10: • Organizer #9 check • Ottoman MAP exercise • Library: Term Paper research • HW: Org’r #10, Topics due Wednesday • Global Studies 9: • Organizer #9 check • Venn Diagram • Ottoman MAP exercise • Discussion/Group Activity: How do you rule the world? Rise and Fall of Ottomans • HW: Org’r #10

  3. How can maps tell a story?

  4. Wednesday, October 26th • Organizer #10 check • Group Activity: How do you rule the world? The rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire • Notes: Ottoman decline, cont: Imperialism and Nationalism • HW: Organizer #11 for Friday

  5. Ottoman Empire Notes Question: How do you rule the world?

  6. Group Activity Prepare a 5-minute class presentation for your category: “The Sultanate of Rome” Vs. “The Sick Man of Europe” 10 pt. Daily Participation Grade: 5pts: Thoroughness of content 5pts: Clarity of presentation/analysis

  7. Ottoman Empire Groups: Pd. 1 • Good Army: Danny, Robert, Georgina • Cntl Conquered people: Harvey, Taylor, Joby • Good, stable Govt: Alexandra, Austin, Richard • Leaders/Succession: Jack, Ben, Dana • Unifying Identity: Moses, Kent, Shakira • Controlling elites and rulers: Nathaniel, James

  8. Ottoman Empire Groups, Pd. 3 • Good Army: Anthony, Joanne, Aaliyah, Afnan • Cntl Conquered people: Purnima, Lucy, Carrie, Tallie • Good, stable Govt: Taylor, La-Kiesha, Margaret, Wyatt • Leaders/Succession: Helen, Debbie, Augusty • Unifying Identity: Avery, Duncan, Corey, Keeshawn • Controlling elites and rulers: Pranay, Tierney, Elena

  9. Good Army and Superiority over other Powers – pd1 Rise Conquered Constantinople 1453 Suleiman- 13 campaigns Devishirme System- able bodied –Jannissaires Decline • No heavy artillery • Lost battle of Hapsburg 1683 – beginning of end • No industrial revn- no access b/c not on trade rts. • Capitulations • Bad treaties signed

  10. Way of Controlling Conquered people- pd1 • Tolerant to non-muslims: tax • Welcomed others in military- Devishirme • Open minded- welcomed western technology • Good at spreading Islam • Kanuns = fair laws • Millets…separate…could cause probs? Nationalism? • Perceived corruption: ex: Wahhabis (Arabian Pen.) • Became more pro-Muslim, pro-Turk • Lack of cultural appreciation

  11. Strong, Organized Government-pd1 • Jannissaries • Sultan:Osman, Mehmet II, Selim the Grim, Suleiman • Pashas = regional governors • Alliance with France • Beys = head of province (vs Sultan) • Tax farming supported by conquests • Tax farming declined b/c no conquest • Sultans deteriorate • Jannissaries take over power • Governors make quick money, raise $ harshly

  12. Strong Leaders and Succession Mechanisim= pd1 • Mehmet II- Const’ple 1453 • Selim the Grim- conqueror • Suleiman the Magnificient: quick expansion, culture, lawgiver, • Great income with trade: $80M vs. $150K • Succession: train heirs • Stop training heirs: drunk dumb exhausted • Decline after Suleiman • Jannissaries revolt, corrupt • All reforms meet with resistance, failure • Abdul Azzizand Pasha- later Sultans, probs w/ reform

  13. Unifying Identity- pd1 • Huge, unified • Absorbed people • Gained respect of Muslims by conquering Const’ple in 1453 • Combined force of Serbs and Bosnians • Constp’le new capital • French Revn = nationalism • Greek indept Serbian, Romania, Bulgaria Ismael Pasha – Egyptian Young Turks = closed minded, racist, Armenian genocide

  14. Controlled, Loyal Elites and Rulers- pd1 • Jannissaries= slaves, elite army • Can’t marry • Can’t have property • Loyal to Sultan • Opp. For advancement • Eliminated influence of old turkish families • Ruling class receives land, but Sultan owns • Bad sultans • Jannissaries revolt, take over, establish hereditary positions, land, marry = feudal class • Pashas= governors= corrupt, too much tax

  15. Economy- pd1 • Trade- routes Conquered rich Roman provinces Tax farming= each pasha has quota to Sultan, then distribute Conquering • Trade routes change • Age of Exploration • Age of Imperialism • Europe has own colonies • Industrial Revn. In Europe (Britain) – no longer buying finished goods from Otto. Empire • Losing land b/c losing battles b/c technical inferiority (out of loop, arrogant)

  16. Good, superior military- pd 3 • Jannissaries- slaves, loyal, no priviledges= no distractions, based on merit • All muslim males in army • Hungarians gave raw materials, weapons • Hired mercenaries (trained) • Jannissaries become corrupt, hereditary, less able • Govt tried to reform with Tanzimat/H. H. = probs • Lose technological edge- no industrial revn. – don’t accept western ideas, see as inferior and corrupt • Lost provinces • Russo-Turkish War • Crimean War • Balkan Wars

  17. Way of controlling conquered people- pd 3 • Jannissaries/Devshirme system- conquers Christians boys, convert to Islam, controlled (can’t marry, can’t inherit property) • Millets = each religious minority group has own leader, govt, court system = organized, not mixing • Could pay tax if not in army (freedoms) • Tanzimat – reforms- gives minorities too much power • Young Turks (1908-1918) – too anti-minority • Foreign Invaders convince minorities to rebel, Ottomans lose cntl • Egypt (autonomous), Greece, Tunisia, Libya • Nationalism- French Revn.

  18. Strong, organized government • Sultan- has all property, so no feudalism • Strong legal system: Suleiman “the lawgiver” – reforms corruption • Pyramid structure: strong sultan, trickle down • Jannissaries maintain order, controlled • Millets help with organization, control • Pashas = regional governors (loyal to Sultan, give back land when die): tax farming = give $ to Sultan from taxes in province • Capitulations • Jannissaries get too much power (marry, inherit land) • Selim the Sot- Vizier (advisor) does work • Incompetent rulers • Tanzimat- reforms, actually backfire • Structure relies too heavily on Sultan • Pashas become corrupt, no new territory, so less $, higher taxes

  19. Good Economy • Trade routes! No competition ($80M vs. $150K) • Routes to Asia and Africa • Within empire (Egypt: Muhammad Ali, textiles) • Expansion = more taxes • Age of Exploration: Europe bypasses Ottoman Empire • Industrial Revn: Britain buys raw materials, finishes it abroad, sells back cheaper • Age of Imperialism: trade shifts to colonies • Lose wars: • Crimeans Wars, Russo-Turkish, Balkan • Too many taxes b/c fewer terrotories • WWI = bad!

  20. Strong leaders and succession mechanism • Osman • Mehmet II = Constantinople (1453) • Selim the Grim: warrior, bloodthirsty • Suleiman the magnificent (1520-1566): the lawgiver, expansion to height, reforms finances, bureaucracy, cultural revival, gives to public, popular • Fair, influential law code • Lose experience on battlefield • Jannissaries become hereditary = too much power • No fixed way to choose Sultan, so infighting • Too much meddling in harems • Later…Ismael Pasha tried reforms, borrowed $...debt = capitulations! • Later Sultans become “figureheads”, Europeans keep, manipulate (“puppets”)

  21. Controlled, loyal, capable elites • Jannissaries – given better life by Sultan, so loyal • Can’t marry so no kids • Pashas = title of honor bestowed by Sultan, so loyal to him • Constantinople gives glory to Sultan • Jannisarries allowed to marry • Weak rulers, so Jan. bribe, get power, posts are hereditary • Sultan heirs denied role in govt, weak, incapable, insane

  22. Friday, October 28th • Organizer #11 check • GS 10: Turn in topics • NOTES: The Role of Imperialism and Nationalism in the Modern Middle East: Who, why, how? • HW: work on Project due Wednesday! • Read Persepolis! • Work on Modern Iran “organizer” part • Website: my typed up notes • Reading from organizers already given • Textbook, websites for basic info • Prepare a 3-minute synopsis or YOUR current events situation to share with the class when the time comes (15 pts- project, 2nd 9 weeks)

  23. Monday, October 31st • Ottoman Empire and Nationalism notes • Def’n, pros, and cons • Where why and how? • Turkey: 1820 to modern day! • Armenian Genocide: reading, video • Discussion (10 pt- daily) • HW: Iran and Persepolis Project Wednesday!!!!

  24. Armenian Genocide Video discussion questions: • What examples of human rights abuses can you ID? • In what ways did the “Forgotten Genocide” help Hitler? • How did the Young Turks’ “pan-Turkic” ideology affect the Armenian in the Ottoman Empire? • What were the Ottoman government’s reasons for eliminating the Armenians? • What was the Ottoman govt’s plan for destroying the Armenian people? • Who was Armin Wegner? His significance?

  25. Wednesday, November 2nd • Turn in Project WITH rubric • 10-pt. “organizer check” on Iran questions • Notes/Discussion on Iran: Safavid Dynasty to modern day! • Persepolis Discussion: • “Socratic Seminar” format: no leader, no domination or attacks, good flow, everyone helps everyone else participate, don’t belabor points • Students use 3 questions to guide discussion • Teacher sits, takes notes on participation, knowledge of material, knowledge of book • Students turn in questions at end of period • HW: Org’r #12 (easy), Article Reviews

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