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Understanding Mineral Properties: Classification and Identification

Learn about the essential properties of minerals used in classification and identification, including color, streak, cleavage, luster, and hardness. Discover how to differentiate and categorize different minerals effectively.

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Understanding Mineral Properties: Classification and Identification

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  1. Bellwork 10-28-13 • Obj: SWBAT explain the properties that are used in classify minerals. • What comes to mind when you see this picture? • List as many minerals(at LEAST 2) that you can think of.(example: gemstones)

  2. What is a mineral? • 1. Must be naturally occurring • 2. Must be a solid • 3. Must have a chemical composition • 4. Cannotbe organic • What does that mean? • 5. Have a defined crystalline structure

  3. How do we ID a mineral? With a partner developed some ways that you could categorize or separate different minerals?

  4. How do we ID a mineral? Scientists use mineral properties to ID minerals,Some of these properties include: Color Streak Cleavage • Luster • Hardness

  5. Mineral Color Describe the color of the mineral Azurite is blue Corundum (ruby) is red

  6. MineralStreak Describe the color of the streak on a piece of porcelain. Hematite has a RED streak

  7. Mineral Cleavage • Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces. • Gypsum has ONE plane of cleavage • Salt has CUBIC cleavage

  8. MineralLuster • Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral. Luster can be: Metallic Earthy Glassy

  9. MineralHARDNESS • Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. • It is measured on a scale from 1 to 10 • -Your finger nail has a hardness of 2-2.5 • -Acopper penny has a hardness of 3.5 • -A iron nailhas a hardness of 4.5 • -Glass has a hardness of 5.5 • -Minerals that are harder can SCRATCH other softer minerals

  10. Bellwork 11-4-13 Obj: SWBAT explain the properties that are used in classifying minerals and apply the hardness test. • Is Jell-O a mineral? What classifies a mineral? • What are the 5 properties of minerals we have taken notes on, explain each.

  11. Mineral Properties: The Hardness scale 1 10 Diamond Talc

  12. #1 on the hardness scale -Talcand graphite have a hardness of one.

  13. #2 on the hardness scale -Gypsum has a hardness of 2 -Gypsum is used for drywall (sheetrock)

  14. #3 on the hardness scale -Calcite and Native Copper have a hardness of 3. -Calcite is used to make concrete!

  15. #4 on the hardness scale -Fluorite has a hardness of 4 Fluorite is used to make the active ingredient in toothpaste (NaF)

  16. #5 on the hardness scale -Apatite and hematite have a hardness of 5 • Hematite beads  Your teeth are made of hydroxyl apatite!

  17. #6 on the hardness scale -Feldspar and Pyrite have a hardness of 6 *Chalcopyrite is an important ore of Copper

  18. #7 on the hardness scale Quartz has a hardness of 7, and is used to make glass, watches, lasers, abrasives, and many other things!

  19. #8 on the hardness scale Topaz occurs in many colors and is used as a gemstone (Novembers birthstone) Topaz has a hardness of 8

  20. #9 on the hardness scale Corundum has a hardness of 9. Corundumis the gemstone ruby and sapphire, it is also used to make sandpaper and abrasives

  21. #10 on the hardness scale -Diamond is the ONLY mineral to have a hardness of 10.

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