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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Vitamins, OTC Supplements, Antidotes, and Miscellaneous Topics. Medical Foods. Not FDA approved Manufacturer may determine that medical food must have Rx to be dispensed, but no FDA review required

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Vitamins, OTC Supplements, Antidotes, and Miscellaneous Topics

  2. Medical Foods • Not FDA approved • Manufacturer may determine that medical food must have Rx to be dispensed, but no FDA review required • Used for burn victims, kidney dialysis patients, or patients with CV disease or osteoporosis

  3. Probiotics • Stimulate the growth of beneficial (“good”) bacteria in the body • Most common probiotic products and use • acidophilus: diarrhea, vaginitis • Activia: constipation • Align: IBS • Culturelle: diarrhea • Flora-Q: IBS • Lactinex: diarrhea, cold sores

  4. Water Deficits • Caused by loss of body fluids resulting from disorders such as • vomiting • diarrhea • edema • large urine output • excessive sweating from fever • acute weight loss

  5. Electrolytes • Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water • Ions are electrically charged particles • sodium and water = blood volume and blood pressure = circulatory collapse

  6. Electrolytes • Na+ - acid-base & water balance, electroactivity • K+ - acid-base & water balance, nervous system function • Ca++- bone formation, coagulation, contractility • Mg++- normal nerve and muscle function

  7. IV Therapy • An isotonic solution has the same level of each type of particles as the body fluids, e.g. 0.9% NaCl

  8. Enteral Nutrition • Patients fed through a tube leading to the GI system (stomach or small intestines) • Preferred method over IV therapy because GI system will remain functional

  9. Parental Nutrition • Parental nutrition (PN): patient fed through a view • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): provides patient with all nutritional requirements through the parental route

  10. Alternative Supplements • Use of herbs to treat various complaints • Herbs were the original source of many important drugs • Herbs have served as models for many synthetic drugs

  11. Safety Issues • Many people think herbals products are nontoxic and safe, but this is not completely true • FDA prevents relatively poisonous plants from being on the market, however safety issues still exist

  12. Three Particular Safety Concerns • One herb may be mistaken for another • Could result in serious side effects or allergic response • Potential for interactions with other herbs and drugs • Patient may try to treat themselves with herbal products and forgo effective treatment

  13. Some Problems With Herbal Supplements • Lack of regulation and standardization • No FDA quality control • Content of herbal products varies widely • Accurate information is hard to find • Determining toxicity • Some of the most toxic chemicals are obtained from plants

  14. Alternative Supplements • Chamomile- anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic • Chondroitin- arthritis • chromium picolinate- weight loss, improve insulin metabolism • coenzyme Q10- CHF • dong quai- menstrual cramps • Echinacea- common cold • enada, NADH- mental clarity, fatigue

  15. Alternative Supplements • Feverfew- migraine prophylaxis • Garlic- HTN and hyperlipidemia • Ginger- antiemetic • Ginkgo- circulatory stimulant • Ginseng- energy • Glucosamine- arthritis • Hawthorn- cardiovascular problems

  16. Alternative Supplements • Kava- anxiety, psychosis, induces relaxation • Melatonin- sleep • saw palmetto- prostate • St. John’s wort- depression • Valerian- sleep • Yohimbe- impotence

  17. Poisons and Antidotes • Children under 6 at high risk of accidental poisoning • Common drugs that cause the most childhood poisonings • Iron tablets • TCAs • Calcium channel blockers • Opiates • Aspirin • Alcohol

  18. Klor-Con/Potassium Chloride • Used to prevent or to treat low levels of potassium • Category C

  19. Folvite/Folic Acid • B vitamin • Produce & maintain new cells, prevent changes to DNA • Tx: anemia, folic acid deficiency • Preg. Cat A

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