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Learning Theories. Karen Palacios EDTC 3320 March 8, 2009. Albert Bandura Behavioral Learning Theorist.
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Learning Theories Karen Palacios EDTC 3320 March 8, 2009
Albert Bandura Behavioral Learning Theorist • Albert Bandura believed that aggression is learned through a process called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them after observation (Barrett, 2006). • Albert Bandura argued that individuals, especially children learn aggressive responses from observing others, either personally or through the media and environment (Barrett, 2006).
The Bobo Doll Experiment • Children observed an adult acting violently towards a bobo doll. The children were then put into a room with a bobo doll and observed. The children imitated the behavior of the adults and acted violently towards the doll (Barrett, 2006). • This experiment proved the behavioral learning theory, which states that a person’s environment shapes their behavior, positive or negative (Barrett, 2006).
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development • Piaget described two processes used by the individual in its attempt to adapt: assimilation and accommodation (Funderstanding, 2001). • Assimilation is the process of using or transforming the environment to connect to preexisting cognitive structures (Funderstanding, 2001). • Accommodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. Both processes are used simultaneously and alternately throughout life (Funderstanding, 2001).
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development ***Piaget’s theory proves that an individual utilizes their intellect and knowledge to adapt to situations throughout their life.
Behavioral Learning Theory • According to the behaviorists, learning can be defined as “the relatively permanent change in behavior brought about as a result of experience or practice” (Barrett, 2006). • This theory is represented by the stimulus curve, the response is the direct result of the stimulus or outside influence (Barrett, 2006).
Behavioral Learning Theory • Behaviorists believe that what one learns is influenced by the environment instead of the student (Barrett, 2006). • The teacher's function, according to the behavioral learning theory, is to make use of negative reinforcers to end unwanted behavior and positive reinforcers to strengthen wanted behavior (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009). • Also, the teacher should act as a facilitator to the learning process and not a barrier.
Cognitive Learning Theory • The Cognitive Learning Theory is the belief and practice that people are rational beings that require active participation in order to learn, and whose actions are a consequence of thinking (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009). • Changes in behavior are observed, but only as an indication of what is occurring in the learner’s head.
Cognitive Learning Theory • Cognitivism uses the metaphor of the mind as computer: information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009). • Teachers are also expected to understand a student's experience and stage of development and use that to ensure that lessons are developmentally appropriate. • A student is expected to be prepared for learning and to assimilate and accommodate all information (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2009).
IMPACT on Teacher Training • Learning theories play an important role in thinking about how learning occurs (Schuyler, 1997). • Both of these processes impact teacher training and application because if teachers know how students learn and what affects learning it will shape the decisions a teacher makes about instructional strategies (Schuyler, 1997). • If a teacher is educated on these theories, it will also help them to make adjustments to individual students behavior plans and instructional plans.
Adult Education Environment Behavioral Learning Cognitive Learning Since adults have more life experiences than children, their learning can be enhanced through the cognitive method as well. If both strategies are used in combination, and positive reinforcements are given to students, success will be ensured. • Adults have established learning concepts and skills and behavior modification can either positively or negatively impact their learning. • Neither of these processes should be utilized in isolation.
References • Barrett, E. (2006). Behavioral learning theory. Retrieved, February 15, 2009 from http://suedstudent.syr.edu/~ebarrett/ide621/behavior.htm. • Funderstanding (2001). Piaget. Retrieved February 15, 2009, from http://www.funderstanding.com/piaget.cfm. • Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2009, March). Paradigms at Learning-Theories.com. Retrieved March 1st, 2009 from http://www.learning-theories.com/paradigms. • Schuyler, Gwyer, (1997). A paradigm shift from instruction to learning. ERIC Digest. Retrieved February 15, 2009, from http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-2/shift.htm.
