Chapter 3

1. Chapter 3 “Europeans Reach the Americas”

2. Section 1: Europeans Look Overseas • During the __________________, many Europeans thought of the world as a disk floating on a great ocean and made up of three continents: ____________, Asia and Africa. • The main concern of most Europeans was ____ _______. “A Changing World” • ______________ and the lure of new products brought major changes in the way Europeans lived. • During this time, ______________, a system of

3. rule by lords who owe loyalty to a king, rule Europe. • Most of European life revolved around the ___, a lord’s holding that included his castle, peasants’ huts and surrounding villages or fields. Most people on the manor were ______, peasants bound to the land for life. • Under feudalism, there were few ___________ and ____________; the manor produced everything the people needed. • At this time, Christians in Europe belonged to the ___________________, which had great

4. influence. Eventually, __________________ led Europeans to look beyond their manors. • Christians at this time referred to the Middle East as the __________________ because Jesus had lived and died there. The region was also sacred to ____________ because their prophet, _____________, also lived in the Holy Land. From about 1100 to 1300, the Catholic Church fought a series of holy wars, called ___________, to gain control of the Holy Land from Turkish Muslims. • The Crusaders ______ gain the Holy Land, but

5. they did have lasting effects: 1) For the 1st time, large #s of Europeans traveled beyond their ________ and experienced different foods, fabrics, spices, etc. 2) __________ merchants began a lively trade with Arab merchants. 3) Arabs taught Italian sailors how to use new instruments such as the __________________ and the ____________, which made it possible for sailors to measure the positions of stars and figure out __________ at sea. These instruments made sailing less _____________. • Increased trade and travel brought about the _________________, a time of rebirth.

6. One invention that helped spread the spirit of the Renaissance was the _______________, invented by Johannes Gutenberg. Before his invention, ________ wrote books by hand, so only a few copies were available. With this invention, large numbers of books could be printed at a low cost. As more books became available, more people __________________. “Voyages of Columbus” • With the finances of ________, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus set sail. He was searching for a westward route to the ________.

7. Section 3: “The First English Colonies” • In 1585, with Queen Elizabeth I’s permission, _____________________ set sail for North America. • The expedition landed on _______________, modern-day North Carolina. Within a year, colonists were running short of food and quarreling with __________________. They returned home. • Raleigh asked ______________ to return to Roanoke. To help restart, Raleigh sent of number of ________.

8. When supplies ran low, White returned to England, leaving behind __________________. • It was 3 years before he could return because England was at war with ___________. When he returned, he found the settlement deserted and the word “______________” carved on a tree. The fate of the colonists remains a __________. “Settlement at Jamestown” • The Virginia Company of London received a ___________ to start a colony N. of Roanoke. The land was called _______________. The charter guaranteed English colonies the same rights as _______________. mystery

9. The colonists named their outpost _________. It was located on a __________, which was unhealthy because of dirty water and _______, a disease spread by ___________. • Governing also proved difficult because a council of 13 men was chosen to rule and they did not plan for ______________________. By the summer of 1608, the colony was near failure. “Captain Smith Takes Charge” • Smith realized that the colonists were so busy looking for _________ that they didn’t ______ ________. mosquitoes

10. He visited nearby ____________________ to trade for food. The most powerful chief in the area, __________________, sold corn to the English, and Smith set up stern rules: they must _________ if they wanted to _________. • In 1609, Smith injured his leg and had to return to England. The colony ___________. • The economy improved when the colonists began to grow _______________ after 1612. “The First Africans” • In 1619, the ___________ began selling ________ to the British.

11. By 1644, 300 ____________ lived in Virginia. Some were __________ and some were ____. For a time, ____________ who came to Virginia owned property, testified in court and voted. “Important Beginnings” • In 1619, Virginia set up a _____________ gov’t. Male settlers were allowed to elect ________, or representatives. They met in an assembly called the _____________________. Together with the ______________ they created laws. • England’s representative assembly was called ______________________.

12. By the 1600, Parliament was divided into the ________________ made up of noblemen, and the ____________________, made up of elected officials. The ruler must consult _____________ on money matters and should also _______________________. • At first, free Virginians had more rights than citizens who lived in England. They did not have to ______________ to vote. Free ______ lost the right to vote and _____________ were denied this right. “Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom”

13. In 1620, the ____________ sailed for America. Unlike the Virginians or the Spanish, they sought _____________________. In England, they belonged to a religious group known as ________________. • In Sept. 1620, 100+ men, women and children set sail for America and landed on __________, Massachusetts in November. • Because their charter was for Virginia, not Massachusetts, they needed to set up new rules. The pilgrims drew up the __________________________. The 41 men who signed it agreed to consult each other about laws and promised to work together to help the colony succeed.

14. They named the colony ________________. Most had no time to build proper shelters and nearly ____ died of disease or starvation. “Help from Native Americans” • The Wampanoag Indians helped the Pilgrims. ________________ gave them seeds and showed them how to plant them. In the fall the Pilgrims had a harvest where they _________ ____________ for their food. They celebrated the day each fall. Today we call it _________ ________________.