Sectionalism & Nationalism

1. Sectionalism & Nationalism Mr. KingCentral Cabarrus HS

2. Chapter 7 Section 1 Regional Economies Create Differences The North and South develop different economic systems that lead to political differences between the regions

3. Another Revolution Affects America

4. Changes in Manufacturing • 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin • 1801 Eli Whitney pioneers use of interchangeable parts • - identical pieces used to used to assemble products • Factory system: power driven machinery; workers with different tasks • Mass production is production of goods in large quantities • Industrial Revolution: social and economic reorganization • - The Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 forced the • United States to invest in domestic industries • - machines replace hand tools • - leads to large scale factory production

5. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793 Actually invented by a slave!

6. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

7. OliverEvans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

8. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

9. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

10. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

11. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

12. Charles Goodyear Vulcanized Rubber Year: 1839 Made working with rubber easier (sticking when hot and hard when cold) Removed sulfur and then heated so it would retained its elasticity

13. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

14. The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"

15. New England Industrializes • Samuel Slater builds first thread factory in Pawtucket, RI (1793) • Lowell, Appleton, and Jackson mechanize all phases of cloth making (1813) • - built weaving factories in Waltham, MA and Lowell, MA • - thousands, mostly young women, leave family farms to work in factories • - Lowell becomes booming manufacturing center

16. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

17. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

18. Lowell in 1850

19. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

20. New England Dominance in Textiles

21. American Population Centers in 1820

22. American Population Centers in 1860

23. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

24. What's Happening in America by the 1850s?

25. Regional Specialization EAST Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

26. Two Economic Systems Develop • Cashcrops do not grow well in the North and farms are much smaller than in the South • Northern slavery dying out by late 1700s • Cotton becomes king in the South (due to Eli Whitney) • Great demand for cotton in Europe • Slavery becomes entrenched • Plantation system established in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and much of the South

27. Uniting the Nation’s Economic Interests • House Speaker Henry Clay proposes plan as the American System • - North produces manufactured goods • - South and West produce food and cotton • - National currency and bank facilitate trade • - Tariff protects American goods • - America improves its transportation system

28. 1790 First Turnpike: Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

29. 1811: The National Road

30. Erie Canal System

31. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

32. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

33. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

34. Chapter 7 Section 2 Nationalism at Center Stage

35. Nationalism: A feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness as a country.

36. Strengthening Government Economic Control • Gibbons v. Ogden:Federal government controls interstate commerce • - Ogden felt that only he had the right to run a steamboat on the Hudson River • McCulloch v. Maryland: States cannot overturn laws passed by Congress • - Maryland taxes local branch of Bank of U.S. • - John Marshall declares this unconstitutional: “The power to tax is the power to destroy”

37. Nationalism Pushes America West US Population 1800 US Population 1820

38. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, guided by nationalism • - makes treaties on Great Lakes, borders, and territories (49th parallel established by Convention of 1818)

39. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • Spain gives up Florida and claims to Oregon Territory in Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

40. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • Monroe Doctrine (1823) warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas • - U.S. will not interfere in Europe

41. Nationalism Pushes America West • Missouri Compromise • - When a territory’s population reaches 60,000, the area may apply for statehood • - A compromise was reached to preserve the balance between free and slave states • - Maine admitted to Union as a free state, Missouri came in as a slave state • - Louisiana Territory divided at 36o 30’ line • - Slavery legal south of this line

42. Nationalism Pushes America West The Compromise of 1820: