1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

2. Causesof theWar

3. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

4. Importance of Nationalism • Nationalism is a devotion to the interest of one's nation. • Great feelings of national pride was characterized by Germany and Italy. • While nations such as France, Italy, and Germany used nationalism to unite their populations, other countries were torn apart by ethnic tension. • Nationalism in one way increased tension in Europe.

5. The“Spark”

6. The Assassination of the Archduke • Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria visited Bosnia capital on June 28, 1914. • Seven assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him. • 19 year old Gavrilo Princip shot the Archduke and his wife.

7. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

8. The Assassination: Sarajevo

9. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

10. Who’s To Blame?

11. System of Alliances • Web of treaties to protect themselves from attack • Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. • Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain.

12. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

13. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

14. Europe in 1914

15. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

16. Austria-Hungary Ultimatum • Germany gave “blank check” support to Austria. • Austria gives ultimatum to Serbia. • Serbia refuses to let Austria officials run an investigation in Serbia.

17. The Alliance leads to War • Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary. • Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war: • Germany declared war on Russia and France. • Britian declares war on Germany.

18. The Schlieffen Plan

19. German Atrocities in Belgium

20. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

22. Recruitment Posters

23. A Young Australian Recruit

24. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

25. New French Recruits

26. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

27. Womenand theWarEffort

28. Financing the War

29. For Recruitment

30. Munitions Workers

31. French Women Factory Workers

32. German Women Factory Workers

33. Working in the Fields

34. A Woman Ambulance Driver

35. Red Cross Nurses

36. Women in the Army Auxiliary

37. Russian Women Soldiers

38. Spies • “Mata Hari” • Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle • German Spy!

39. Posters:WartimePropaganda

40. Australian Poster

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

48. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

49. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

50. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.