MEDS 371 Human speech and animal vocal communication Dr. Duck O. Kim

1. MEDS 371 Human speech and animal vocal communication Dr. Duck O. Kim

2. zebra finches female male female male www.sfu.ca/biology/wildberg/species/Zebraf.gif zebra finch song Click to hear sound

3. frequency (kHz) 4 syllables spectrogram of a male zebra finch song sequence of syllables -> motif motif ~ word Purves Box 24-B

4. spectrogram of humpback whale calls/songs humpback whale calls/songs A spectrogram of calls/songs by several individual humpback whales; Cornell Lab of Ornithology Click to hear sound

5. spectrogram of a male mouse song frequency (kHz) Click to hear sound time (sec)

6. 0.5 sec spectrograms of human speech Doupe & Kuhl 1999

7. 4 2 0 freq. (kHz) 0.5 sec 0.5 sec zebra finch song human speech freq. (kHz)

8. chronology of song acquisition in zebra finches Doupe et al., 2005

9. human Zebra finch Jarvis et al., 2005

10. striatum striatum globus pallidus globus pallidus basal ganglia of mammal and bird Doupe et al., 2005

11. Model of the birdsong system plasticity (key slide of this lecture) auditory feedback (FB) eval. aud. FB re template (basal gang.) auditory system instr. (error) signal song production system (motor) song adapted from Brainard & Doupe 2000

12. the song system of zebra finch auditory input area X: basal ganglia DLM: thalamus SNc/VTA: midbrain HVC, RA, & LMAN: cortex homolog RA: upper motor neurons SNc/VTA lower motor n. -> vocal organ Doupe et al., 2005

13. zebra finch song;a normal adult Doupe et al., 2005 The normal adult song consists of motifs of a stereotyped sequence of syllables.

14. SNc/VTA zebra finch song;area X lesioned in a juvenile area X: BG DLM: thalamus SNc/VTA: midbrain others: cortex homolog Doupe et al., 2005 The song remains immature and highly variable. normal song of zebra finch abnormal song of deaf zebra finch

15. Model of the birdsong system plasticity auditory feedback X eval. aud. FB (basal gang.) X instr. (error) signal aud. percep. X deafness adapted from Brainard & Doupe 2000 song motor system song X deterioration normal song of zebra finch abnormal song of deaf zebra finch

16. In adult humans and song birds, speech and song deteriorate when deafness is encountered at an adult age. This is not the result of a passive process but it reflects an active adaptive plasticity involving the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia mediates adulthood sensorimotor adaptive plasticity.

17. humanspeech /language

18. MI SI arcuate fasciculus Haines Fig 16-13 Broca’s area Wernicke’s area AI

19. large stroke in the right cortex neglect of left body/space & other symptoms large stroke in the left cortex aphasia & other symptoms Purves Fig 26-6

20. PET imaging under various speech tasks viewing words speaking words listening to words generating word associations Purves Fig 27-6

21. three major types of aphasia • Broca’s aphasia • Wernicke’s aphasia • global aphasia

22. Purves Table 27-1

23. genetic deficit of speech function • An inherited deficit in spoken language has been associated with a mutation in FOXP2 gene on chromosome 7. • Functional magnetic resonance imaging study has linked the deficit to underactivity in Broca's area during word generation. • Possible link between FOXP2 and the mirror-neuron system observed in the primate homologue of Broca's area. • This link might have implications for the evolution of Broca's area and its role in speech (a new gene). Reference: Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005. FOXP2 and the neuroanatomy of speech and language. Nature Rev 6: 131-138.