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Skeletal System

Learn about the 206 bones in the human body and their functions. Discover different types of skeletons, joints, and connective tissue. Understand common skeletal problems and ways to care for your skeletal system.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRI3MxWJ7tY http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm

  2. Skeletal System Objective: By the end of the lesson students will be able to list (3) bones in the body, as well as explain (2) functions of the skeletal system.

  3. Fun Questions • How many bones are in the human body? • What is the largest bone in your body?

  4. Key Point: The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue!

  5. Have You Ever?? • Broken a bone?? 1 minute share with the person sitting behind/in front of you! Who is he? What’s his story?

  6. 5 Main Functions • 1. Provides support for the body • 2. Protects internal organs from damage. • 3. Acts as framework for attached muscles. • 4. Production of red and white blood cells • 5. Allows movement of limbs

  7. 2 main parts of skeletal system • 1. Axial • Center of skeleton • Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine • 2. Appendicular • All the limbs outside the axial skeleton

  8. Types of Skeletons

  9. Types of Skeletons

  10. Bone Types • LONG–primarily used to support weight. • Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)

  11. Bone Types • SHORT – support weight and allow small movements. • Examples ankles and wrists

  12. Bone Types • FLAT – for protection and support. • Examples ribs, shoulder blades (SCAPULA), breastbone (STERNUM)

  13. Bone Types • IRREGULAR BONES – protection of nervous tissue • ExamplesVertebrae (backbone) protect spinal cord, mandible (jaw), sacrum

  14. Anatomy of a Long Bone • 1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone • 2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone

  15. Long bone picture

  16. 2 Layers of Bone • 1. Periosteum – Outer layer • Dense, thick, and hard • 2. Endosteum – Inner layer • Less dense bone that is sponge like.

  17. Defined: Points at which bones meet Joints http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A http://www.sportmed.mb.ca/uploads/pdfs/What%20we%20knew%20-%20What%20we%20know.pdf statistics Slightly moveable – vertebra and ribs

  18. Types of Joints • 1. Joint – a location in the body where two or more bones meet to enable movement. • 2. Ball and Socket Joint • Enables wide range of motion • Example – shoulder and hip • 3. Hinge Joint • Lesser range of motion than ball and socket • Example elbow and knee • 4. Pivot Joint • Enables rotation of head and forearm

  19. Ball and Socket Joint

  20. Hinge Joint

  21. Pivot Joint

  22. Connective Tissue There are 3 types of connective tissue: Cartilage – strong, flexible cushion between the bones (knees, hips, etc.)

  23. Connective Tissue • Ligaments – attach bone to bone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNvtEMTF6YE

  24. 3 Types of Connective Tissue • 3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE to BONE! • Achilles tendon in back of your foot http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1729646-a-closer-look-at-the-acl-as-tears-continue-to-run-rampant-in-the-nfl

  25. Problems of Skeletal System • Fracture – any type of break in the bone • 1. Hairline Fracture – parts of the bone do not separate

  26. Problems of Skeletal System • 2. Transverse Fracture – when the break is completely across the bone

  27. Problems of Skeletal System • 3. Comminuted Fracture – bone shatters in more than 2 pieces

  28. 4. Compound Fracture – break in bone punctures the skin

  29. Problems of Skeletal System • 4. Osteoporosis – condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue • Bones weaken and become brittle • Caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium • Milk and other dairy products are excellent sources. • Weight training and physical activity help increase bone mass

  30. Osteoporosis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKVKNqIOnh0&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ&feature=related

  31. Problems of Skeletal System • 5. Scoliosis • Lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine. • Depending on how serious, can be treated by light exercise, a special brace, or surgery.

  32. Scoliosis

  33. Problems of the Joints • 1. Dislocation – bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach bone to bone

  34. Problems of the Joints • 2. Arthritis – inflammation of a joint, resulting from natural wear and tear

  35. Problems of the Joints • 3. Carpal tunnel syndrome – ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, pain, and weakness in the hand. • Caused by normal wear and tear – typing, writing, etc.

  36. Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System: Have a healthy diet DAIRY 2. Wear protective gear

  37. Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System: 3. Get regular check-ups 4. Do weight bearing exercises

  38. Pelvis Vertebrae Label each bone Color each bone Place each bone in correct location Be neat

  39. SKELETAL ASSESSMENT

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