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Air Quality Science Research in Western Canada

Investigating regional emissions with a focus on oil and gas, pipelines, mines, oil sands, smelters, and power plants to enhance knowledge on air quality impacts. Includes PM sampling analysis, modeling projects, and mobile platforms data collection. Ongoing research addresses PM work, emission scenarios, and biogenic emissions improvements.

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Air Quality Science Research in Western Canada

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  1. PNR Air Quality Science (PAQS) What we did with our money and yours…

  2. Regional Emissions

  3. Regions of Interest O&G Pipeline Mines Oil Sands Smelters Edmonton Calgary Power Plants

  4. 2003 Banff Burns • PM sampling in smoke from prescribed burns • Analyzed PM for Elements, Ions and PAHs • Followed up with lab micro-burns controlled for • Fuel • Temperature and character of combustion • Oxygen • Low Oxygen, modest fire temp; generated highest Retene levels

  5. 2004 Fire work • Planned burns disrupted due to weather • Research ongoing for using multi-axis photos. • Assess fire spread rates • Assess plume rise characteristics • Assess plume volume • Assembled portable package for PM2.5, CO, CO2, Temp and windspeed • Anticipate spring burns (post April)

  6. PM work in Saskatchewan • Funding allocated to study PM ($20K) • Contract process underway • Evaluate Boundary Dam area • Use surrounding area for context • Northern States • Bratts etc. • GDAD application to PM also funded. • Contract Issued

  7. Prairie PM2.5 climatology • Summary report underway • Seasonal variations • Regional characteristics • Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba • Few stations in SK and MB • Record too short for trends

  8. Modelling Projects Episodic Runs • Sensitivity of O3 Predictions to Uncertainties in Biogenic Emissions (tree speciation) • Model Evaluation (aircraft measurements) • Source Sector Analysis and Control Scenarios Annual Model Runs (2002 & 1999) • Transboundary Transport – CAN/US, Provincial • Sulphur and Nitrogen Budgets • Acid Deposition • Future Emission Scenarios

  9. MM5/CMAQ Annual Runs • 36 km grid most of N. America: • Complete • First 12km NWT; • Complete this week • More 12 km and 4 km areas planned • 1999 not started

  10. CMAQ Modelling Domains Coarse Domain 36km Northern Domain 12km 12km Oil Sands 4km 4km Edm-Calg AB-SK Domain

  11. Support Projects (Emissions) • 4km Area and Mobile Emissions • Agricultural Emissions • Northern Emissions • Projected emissions for year 2010 • Improving Biogenic Emissions by using the Canadian National Forest Inventory

  12. Prairie2005 • Overall aim is address budgets of PM and Ozone in Prairies • Focus on fluxes in and out of Alberta • Modeled • Measured • Additional measurements will evaluate • Model performance • Capability of current monitoring network • Three dimensional nature of AQ

  13. Air-Quality Models • CHRONOS (MSC): 21 km horizontal resolution North American forecast of O3, bulk speciated PM2.5 and PM10. 48 hour forecasts. • AURAMS (MSC): 21 km horizontal resolution Western Canada forecast of O3, size and composition resolved PM and precursors. 48 hour forecasts. Higher resolution runs in post-measurement campaign, non-forecast mode. • CMAQ (US EPA, used by MSC-PNR): Western Canada simulations of O3, size and composition resolved PM and precursors. 36, 12, 4 km runs (by PNR) in post-measurement campaign, non-forecast mode.

  14. Mobile Platforms (1): Ground Based • MSC CRUISER: Continuous (< 15 minute) measurements of CO, NO, NOy/NOx, SO2, O3, VOCs, black carbon, PM mass, ultrafine particle counts, 30 – 1000 nm particle size and composition. • MSC RASCAL: scanning lidar: particle scattering/absorption, boundary layer structure. • AENV MAML(Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory): continuous O3, CO, NOx, NH3, SO2, H2S, THC, PAHs, TSP, PM10, PM2.5. • All three also measure meteorology (wind direction and speed, temperature, RH). • MAML and CRUISER overlap some measurements – could be deployed in different locations at the same time.

  15. Mobile Platforms (2): Aircraft Based Cessna 207 + Cessna 188 Tandem Flights • Two aircraft flying in tandem along same trajectory. • Cessna 188 “crop-duster”: payload: Hg, O3, condensation nucleus counter, particle sizes (CPSP and FFSP), filters, VOC canisters, NOx, meteorology package • Cessna 207: two payloads, swapped half-way during the study. Meteorology package +… • Particle size and composition (AMS) + SO2 monitor. • Downward LIDAR.

  16. Objectives P2005 • During 04/05 • Set up the aircraft • Set up logistics • Finalize science and project plan • Coordinate Partners • 05/06 • Conduct the experiment • Collate and distribute data • Start writeup • Determine appropriate follow-up

  17. Regional AQPP • Operational AQI forecast started in May • AQPP scientist hired on term • Pursuing second scientist for program • Over the winter • Establish collection remaining AQ obs in real time: SK and MB • Generate forest fire smoke guidance tools • Beyond: • Develop alternative forecast methods including statistical methods • Outreach

  18. CORE and Acid Rain • 30K last year and this for upgrades at Bratts. • Bought Hg calibrator and scale last year • Site upgrades this year and TBD • Lots of acid rain committee work • Likely some acid applications to annual model runs.

  19. EA work and the North • Oil Sands continues to expand • Upgrader proposed NE of Edmonton • Diamond Mining continues • Mackenzie Valley Pipeline looms • Building monitoring program with RWED. • O3 and NOx monitors at Inuvik.

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