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Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products

Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products. Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory With thanks to S. L. Castro, CCAR, University of Colorado, and D. L. Jackson, CIRES.

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Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products

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  1. Application of in situ Observations to Current Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature Products Gary A. Wick NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory With thanks to S. L. Castro, CCAR, University of Colorado, and D. L. Jackson, CIRES

  2. Observed Differences BetweenInfrared and Microwave Products Detailed comparisons between infrared and microwave SST products show complex spatial and temporal differences. Gary A. Wick

  3. In Situ Observations • Moored buoys • Better calibration • Ancillary data • Drifting buoys • Poorer calibration • Best spatial sampling • Ship-based subsurface measurements • Concerns with intake heating • Ship-based radiometer measurements • Most directly related to satellite observations • Not available in sufficient numbers until recently Gary A. Wick

  4. Historical Applications • Operational SST algorithms and products • Algorithms derived from regression of satellite brightness temperatures directly against in situ observations • Minimizes uncertainty related to atmospheric transmission and surface processes • < 0.1 K Bias; ~0.5 K rms • Independent set of buoys retained for validation • Reynolds SST analysis • Optimal interpolation of satellite and in situ observations • In situ observations used to remove bias from satellite data Gary A. Wick

  5. Ongoing Activities • GODAE High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Pilot Project • National Ocean Partnership Program • Partnered with NESDIS, NRL, Universities, Remote Sensing Systems www.ghrsst-pp.org www.misst.org Gary A. Wick

  6. Error Characterization Approach • Construct collocations between buoy measurements and satellite retrievals • Bin satellite – in situ SST differences as functions of multiple environmental parameters • Identify dominant dependencies • Express bias and rms estimates through multi-dimensional look-up tables • Parameter combinations evaluated through reduction in sensor-buoy and sensor-sensor differences Gary A. Wick

  7. Data Sources • Infrared Satellite Data • AVHRR • Operational NLSST - Naval Oceanographic Office • Microwave Satellite Data • AMSR-E • TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) • Remote Sensing Systems – Wentz and Gentemann • Buoys • QC’d GTS buoys via NCEP/CDC Gary A. Wick

  8. AVHRR Uncertainty Sources Gary A. Wick

  9. AVHRR Uncertainty Sources Gary A. Wick

  10. Microwave Uncertainty Sources Gary A. Wick

  11. Microwave Uncertainty Sources Gary A. Wick

  12. Sample Bias Adjustments Gary A. Wick

  13. Formulation Evaluation • Applied derived bias adjustments to satellite observations • Computed change in standard deviation of the satellite – buoy differences • Done for both dependent (reanalysis) and independent (operational) periods • Evaluates bias only Gary A. Wick

  14. Evaluation of Bias Adjustments AMSR-E Independent Validation, Oct-Dec, 2003 Gary A. Wick

  15. Impact of the Bias Adjustments Before Adjustment After Adjustment Gary A. Wick

  16. Regional Data Assembly Centres (RDAC) RDAC RDAC RDAC RDAC RDAC SST data products (L2P, L4) Ingestion, Dissemination andProcessing Service (IDPS) Global coverage L4 SST products Global Data Analysis Centre (GDAC) Metadatarepository(MMR) ProductRollingArchive Matchupdatabase(MDB) HR-DDSarchive USA EU Global L4 analysis systems… GHRSST-PP Long Term Stewardship and Reanalysis Facility (LTSRF) at NODC Historical time series SST CDR products GHRSST Regional/Global Task Sharing A working demonstration of GEOSS!

  17. GHRSST Use of In Situ Data • Buoy observations adopted as source of accuracy estimates for all satellite sensors • Real-time matchup database maintained for all sensors • Bias and rms estimates updated weekly based on database • Efforts to withhold in situ observations from analyses to retain independence Gary A. Wick

  18. Prototype Radiometric Skin Observing System • NOPP project to demonstrate the feasibility and assess the impact of routine radiometric observations of the skin temperature • Multiple radiometers on ships-of-opportunity over a 3-year period • M-AERI on Royal Caribbean Explorer of the Seas • CIRIMS on Research Vessels Ron Brown and Thompson • ISAR on ferry and merchant vessel W. Wimmer P. Minnett A. Jessup Gary A. Wick

  19. Impact on Satellite Algorithms • Derived simultaneous skin and subsurface SST regression algorithms from coincident observations • Evaluated accuracy with independent observations • Accuracy generally better for subsurface SST retrievals • Likely related to greater variability of skin observations • Final results still being analyzed M-AERI matchups 2004 CIRIMS matchups 2003-4 Gary A. Wick

  20. Independent observations Sufficient accuracy Adequate sampling of all representative environmental conditions Ongoing Issues Gary A. Wick

  21. Optimal Characterization • Infrared • Satellite zenith angle • Channel 4-5 brightness temperature difference • Sea surface temperature • Climatological anomaly • Microwave • Wind speed • Water vapor content • SST • Climatological anomaly Gary A. Wick

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