Learning Theories

1. Learning Theories By: Andrea Salinas EDTC 3320 Instructional Design Instuctor Matt Crosslin

2. Introduction Slide 1 – Title Slide 2 – Introduction Slide 3 – Cognitive theorist Slide 4 – Cognitive theory Slide 5 – Cognitive theory continued Slide 6 – Behaviorist Slide 7 - Behaviorist theory Slide 8 – Cognitive theory impacts teaching/training Slide 9 – How behaviorist theory impacts teaching /training Slide 10 - References

3. Cognitive Theorist Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896 and obtained his doctorate in 1918, in science from the University of Neuchatel. In 1919, he taught psychology and philosophy. His first article was published in 1921 writing about the psychology of intelligence. He married one of his student co-worker, Valentine Chatenay in 1923 and had three children, two daughters and a son.

4. Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget formulated the idea of different stages of cognitive development. Children progress through four developmental stages and processes. The four stages are: sensory motor stage; preoperational stage; concrete operations, and formal operations.

5. Cognitive Theory continued The first developmental stage, the sensory motor stage, occurs between the age of birth and two years old. The child learns about his environment and themselves. The second developmental stage, the preoperational stage, occurs between the ages of two and seven years old. The child can now think about things and sees situations through their point of view. The third developmental stage, the concrete stage, occurs between the ages of seven and eleven years old. The child in this stage can explain their physical experiences and make distinctive judgments. The final developmental stage, the formal operations stage, occurs between the ages of eleven and fifteen. Their cognitive constructions are like those of an adult and include abstract reasoning.

6. Behaviorist Theorist B.F. Skinner Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. In 1930, he received his doctorate. He taught at the University of Minnesota. While he was teaching there, he met Yvonne Blue. He had two daughters, one of them became famous and the second daughter was raised in the Skinner Box. The box was a crib and a playpen with air conditioning. In 1948, he moved his teaching to Harvard, where he stayed for the rest of his life.

7. Mr. & Mrs. Skinner view daughter Debbie in a Skinner Box

8. Behaviorist TheoryOperant Conditioning B.F. Skinner’s theory is operant conditioning: a process of behavior modification in which a specific behavior is increased and decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior is exhibited. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction are the four types of operant conditioning. He developed the Skinner box in which a rat in a box had to press a lever to get food. When the food was not available after pressing the level, the rat no longer pressed the lever. When the machine was turned back on, the rat did not take long to press the lever to obtain food.

9. How Jean Piaget’s Theory impacts teaching/training Teachers and trainers should focus their curriculum on developing their instruction appropriately. Teachers and trainers have been influenced by this theory. Their curriculum is focused on the students’ thinking. They are more aware of the learning levels of cognitive functioning.

10. How B.F.’s Skinners Theory impacts teaching/training This theory impacts the learners behaviors by praise and punishment. Teachers and trainers give praise when the learners show the behavior they want. They also get punished if the learners display a behavior they don’t want.

11. References 1998-2008.Funderstanding. www.funderstanding.com/content/piaget Boeree, Dr. C. George. 1998-2006. Personality Theories. webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/skinner.html Boeree, Dr. C. George. 1998-2006. Personality Theories. webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/piaget.html