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Photography Concepts What do all the doohickeys do?

Photography Concepts What do all the doohickeys do?. Perry Kivolowitz. Outline. Types of (digital) cameras Controlling exposure Camera shooting modes Picture modes. Types of (digital) cameras: point-and-shoot. Small – maximize portability and convenience

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Photography Concepts What do all the doohickeys do?

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  1. Photography ConceptsWhat do all the doohickeys do? Perry Kivolowitz

  2. Outline • Types of (digital) cameras • Controlling exposure • Camera shooting modes • Picture modes

  3. Types of (digital) cameras: point-and-shoot • Small – maximize portability and convenience • Simple – maximize automation, ease-of-use • Good for: • Beginners • All-around keep in purse or pocket camera • Travel Photo: Canon web site

  4. Types of (digital) cameras: bridge • Midway between point-and-shoot and DSLR • Most features of DSLR without interchangeable lenses • Good for: • Intermediate users • Advanced users looking for lighter travelling camera Photo: dpreview.com

  5. Types of (digital) cameras: DSLR • Maximum flexibility / creative potential • Interchangeable lenses • “Raw” shooting mode • Good for: • Advanced users • Newest features: • Live preview / EVF • HD movie recording Photo: dpreview.com

  6. Types of (digital) cameras:SLR – Single Lens Reflex • Mirror down – compose shot through actual lens • Mirror up – take shot Drawing: techlore.com

  7. Outline • Types of (digital) cameras • Controlling exposure • Camera shooting modes • Picture modes

  8. Controlling exposure Too much Too little Good exposure is a compromise: Giving up something to get something else Exposure: How much light falls on sensor

  9. Controlling exposure:What are your tools? • Shutter speed How long is sensor exposed to light • Aperture How much light can pass thru in any instant of time • Sensitivity How much light needed to cause response in sensor • Lighting We won’t discuss this

  10. Controlling exposure:Shutter speed • Shutter is a device controlling light’s access to the sensor – could be mechanical or electronic • Faster shutter (e.g. 1/500thsec) = less light • Slower shutter (e.g. 1/30thsec) = more light • Typical DSLR range: “B” to 1/4000th sec

  11. Controlling exposure:Shutter speed Fast shutter = freeze action Slow shutter = blur action Photos: David Hofmann - http://www.pbase.com/david_hofmann/swans_in_motion

  12. Controlling exposure:Aperture • Defined as an opening, we’re more concerned with the size of the opening • Big opening = more light • Small opening = less light • Quantifying the opening? • f-number Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aperures.jpg

  13. Controlling exposure:Aperture – f-number • Lenses come in all sizes • f-number is a ratio of focal length to aperture diameter Drawing: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Focal-length.svg Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aperures.jpg

  14. Controlling exposure:Aperture – f-number • Bigger number = smaller opening = less light • Smaller number = bigger opening = more light • Values available are lens dependent • Smallest f-number available on a lens indicates its relative “speed” • Cheaper lens = larger smallest f-number = slower • Pricier lens = smaller smallest f-number = faster • eBay: a 2.8 28mm = $160, a 1.4 28mm = $3995

  15. Controlling exposure:Aperture: Depth of Field • Aperture controls “depth of field” • If you focus at D feet, DOF is a range in front and behind that is also acceptably focused • Bigger f-number = greater DOF f/32 f/5.6 Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field

  16. Controlling exposure:Aperture: Depth of Field • For example: Image: http://www.tutorial9.net/photography/depth-of-field-in-photography/

  17. Controlling exposure:Aperture: Depth of Field • Simplified explanation of depth of field: Drawing: http://rick_oleson.tripod.com/index-109.html

  18. Controlling exposure:Many ways to get “correct” exposure Chart: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_value

  19. Outline • Types of (digital) cameras • Controlling exposure • Camera shooting modes • Picture modes

  20. Camera shooting modes • Many ways to achieve “correct” exposure • Basic shooting modes favor one creative aspect over another

  21. Camera shooting modes:Shutter priority (S) • You pick the shutter speed • Camera picks the aperture • You choose between freezing action or blurring it

  22. Camera shooting modes:Aperture priority (A) • You choose aperture • Camera chooses shutter speed • You choose between isolating foreground or including background

  23. Camera shooting modes:Program mode (P) • Camera chooses both aperture and shutter speed as a basis • But lets you favor shutter speed or aperture as a temporary override

  24. Camera shooting modes:Automatic • Camera chooses everything

  25. Camera shooting modes:Some fancier modes • Portrait mode • Chooses small aperture and adjusts shutter speed • Sports mode • Chooses fast shutter speed and adjusts aperture • Sunset mode • Chooses both then under-exposes • Night mode • Fires flash then exposes for background

  26. Outline • Types of (digital) cameras • Controlling exposure • Camera shooting modes • Picture modes

  27. Picture modes:JPEG • A lossy compression method • More loss = smaller file • Shoot on fine – storage is cheap

  28. Picture modes:Raw • A digital “negative” • Larger files • MUCH greaterflexibility

  29. Picture modes:Raw • I always shoot in Raw • The increase in flexibility is compelling • But • It’s a pain when all I want is emailed snapshots • Raw processing sometimes requires extra costs

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