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The Transition to Canadian Identity: Pre-WWI History and Impacts

Explore the evolution of Canada from a British colony to an independent nation on the brink of World War I. This historical overview discusses key social, economic, and political factors, including immigration policies influenced by racism, the implications of the Chinese Exclusion Act, and the experience of First Nations. It also examines Canada's role in the war, technological advancements in warfare, and societal changes, including propaganda and the impact of the War Measures Act. Learn how these elements shaped Canada's national identity during this tumultuous period.

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The Transition to Canadian Identity: Pre-WWI History and Impacts

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  1. Pre To WWI NOTES Canada begins as this history as a part of Britain, and slowly moves away to become Canadian You will not be able to watch the movie clips unless you’re at PGSS (it’s a server thing

  2. SOCIAL Laurier’s Canada • “Developing” Nation • + Birth rates • - Death rates • Literacy rates starting to increase • + Urban population (urban poor, starvation, squalor living)

  3. SOCIAL Immigration • CND v. Racist • Afraid lose culture, jobs (+ #-- or afraid the higher the number, the more they’ll take over their culture)

  4. SOCIAL Immigration Clifford Sifton—fillin’ up west • 1st “white” Americans • 2nd Europeans • 3rd Eastern Europeans • Last = Asians & Indians Ch, Ja & In= cheaper & expendable labour

  5. SOCIAL Head Tax • Chinese forced to pay to get in ($50-$500) • Chinese Exclusion Act—not allowed to enter CND at all

  6. SOCIAL Vancouver Riot • 30 000 people—Asiatic Exclusion League met in Vancouver • Marched to Chinatown—smashed, stole, broke stores & belongings • Went onto Japanese—aware—held back (warned)

  7. SOCIAL Komagata Maru • 376Sikhs, • continuouspassage, • not allowed off in Vancouver & forced to return to India

  8. SOCIAL Women in Victorian Era • Victorian Era—jobs = seamstresses & domestics • Temperance movement prohibition • Vote (Suffragette) • Vote 1st= Man, Sask, Alta

  9. SOCIAL First Nations • Forced to live on Reserves • Forced to attend Residential Schools—abuse, neglect, malnutrition, • Whole process= assimilation • Clip on restitution & on closing of church

  10. ECONOMIC Global Economy • CND exports—raw materials (primary, not much secondary, little tertiary) • Biggest market = Br & USA • Branch Plants get around Tariffs

  11. World War One

  12. INTERNATIONAL Causes of WWI • Darwinism (survival of fittest) • Nationalism (nation/ language/ traditions superior) • Imperialism (bigger colony… no one could touch BR… sun not set)

  13. INTERNATIONAL Causes of WWI • Militarism (arms race… esp @ sea) • Alliances • Triple Alliance (Ger, It, A-H) • Triple Entente (Br, Fr, Rus)

  14. INTERNATIONAL Schlieffen Plan • Ger- no 2 front war • Gen Schlieffen makes plan • Go though neutral Belguim • Sweep around and take Paris • Everyone knows of plan!

  15. INTERNATIONAL Assassination • Archduke Franz Ferdinandshot by Serbian “Black Hand” • A-H send Serbia ultimatum (agreed to all but A-H send in officials to investigate assassination)

  16. INTERNATIONAL Alliances Click • A-H declares war on Serbia • Serbia is protected by Russia • Russia mobilizes for A-H • Germany declares war on Russia

  17. INTERNATIONAL Alliances Click • France backs up Russia • Germany attacks Belgium (to get to France) • Britain defends Belgium and enters war

  18. CANADA’S EXPERIENCE • What did we learn from WWI? • How did so many die? • Why did we participate? • What changed in Canada because of WWI?

  19. INTERNATIONAL War on Land • New Technology = suicide • war of attrition • Generals don’t understand new techniques needed

  20. INTERNATIONAL Western Front Trench Warfare= • Rats, • water, • trench foot, • little/ no food, • gas, • death, • smell, • No-man’s land, • bombing/ artillery, • shell-shock • Bayonet

  21. CHRISTMAS • 1914 • Christmas at Trenches • 1 day firing ended • Met at No-Man’s Land • Partied/ drank/ cards • Fired on at 12:01AM next day • Ended because ‘hurt morale’

  22. SOCIAL Propaganda • Stories sell idea • Gerkillingbabies • raping women • CNDs cheering in street (parades) to go when war starts: want to get “Huns” & think will be over by Cmas

  23. POLITICAL War Measures Act • Gov’t can do what ever for success of war • Lose freedoms to fight for freedom! • “Enemy Aliens” Interned

  24. ECONOMIC Victory Bonds • Loaning $ to gov’t to be paid back after war over

  25. ECONOMIC Income Tax • “temporary measure” help finance war

  26. ECONOMIC Industrial Production • CND creates military weapons & equipment, like • airplanes, • shells and • ships (300 000 employed in 1918)

  27. INTERNATIONAL CND battle 1 Ypres • Belgium • Chlorine Gas used 1st time • (urine on handkerchiefs help CND) • 5200 dead

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