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PRE-DISSECTION NOTES

BIOLOGY II . PRE-DISSECTION NOTES. All Animals…. Heterotrophic Multicellular Eukaryotic 95% Invertebrates 5% Vertebrates. All animals must…. Feed Respire Circulate materials Excrete waste Respond Move Reproduce. Phylogenetic Tree.

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PRE-DISSECTION NOTES

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  1. BIOLOGY II PRE-DISSECTION NOTES

  2. All Animals… • Heterotrophic • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • 95% Invertebrates • 5% Vertebrates

  3. All animals must… • Feed • Respire • Circulate materials • Excrete waste • Respond • Move • Reproduce

  4. Phylogenetic Tree • Drawing that allows the genetic comparison of different phyla • (You should have the drawing you did in class. Keep it for the test.)

  5. Development of Animals • Zygote: fertilized egg • Blastula: hollow ball of cells • Blastopore: opening that develops into the central tube (digestive system) • PROTOSTOME: blastopore becomes the mouth (ex. Most invertebrates) • DEUTEROSTOME: blastopore becomes the anus (ex. Echinoderms, all vertebrates)

  6. 3 Germ(tissue) Layers

  7. Types of Body Cavities • A body cavity allows for specialization • ACOELOMATE: animal with no body cavity (ex. Flatworm) • PSEUDOCOELOMATE: false body cavity, develops between endo and meso (ex. Roundworms) • COELOMATE: animal with a true body cavity, develops completely in mesoderm (Ex. Humans)

  8. Body Tissues • A group of specialized cells that have a common structure and function • Cells group to form tissues • Tissues group to form Organs • Organs group to form organ systems • Organs systems group to form ORGANISMS

  9. Specialized Tissues • Epithelial: lines cavities and covers the outside of the body; protects against invaders, injury and water loss • Connective: connects and supports other tissues; includes bone, cartilage, blood, and threadlike fibers • Muscle: long cells that can contract, most abundant tissue type • Nervous: specialized cells made to sense stimuli and transmit signals

  10. SYMMETRY • The arrangement of body parts around a central point • Asymmetrical: no body arrangement (ex. Sponge) • Radially Symmetrical: body parts radiating out from a central point (ex. Starfish) • Bilaterally Symmetrical: “2 sides”; body parts mirror each other (ex. Butterfly, human)

  11. Body Terms to Know • Anterior: front end of the body; brain usually found here; “head region” • Posterior: tail/ back end of the body • Dorsal: top/back surface of the body • Ventral: bottom/ belly surface of the body

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