1 / 19

The Musculo skeletal System Support, Protection, Movement and Locomotion

The Musculo skeletal System Support, Protection, Movement and Locomotion. Characteristics of muscle tissue. Excitability – receive and respond to stimuli Contractility – shorten and thicken Extensibility – stretch and extend

marlie
Download Presentation

The Musculo skeletal System Support, Protection, Movement and Locomotion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Musculoskeletal SystemSupport, Protection, Movement and Locomotion

  2. Characteristics of muscle tissue • Excitability – receive and respond to stimuli • Contractility – shorten and thicken • Extensibility – stretch and extend • Elasticity – return to original shape after contraction or extension

  3. Functions • Motion • Maintenance of posture • Heat production • Protection of internal organs

  4. Origin of muscle tissue • Forms from the mesoderm germ layer • Triploblasts simplest: flatworms • Segmentation  annelids, arthropods, vertebrates

  5. Types of muscle tissue • Skeletal • Attached to bones • Striated and voluntary • Cardiac • Heart wall • Highly branched • Striated and involuntary • Smooth • Walls of hollow internal structures • Nonstriated and involuntary • Striated • Voluntary movements • Longitudinal or circular in shape • Smooth • Involuntary movements Vertebrate muscles Invertebrate muscles

  6. Muscle action • Motion produced by action of muscles on bones  levers • Tendons attach muscles to bones (e.g. Achilles tendon) • 1 fixed point of attachment (origin) and 1 moving point of attachment (insertion) • Fascia sheets that cover muscles • Muscles work in antagonistic or opposing pairs

  7. Muscle movement • Adduction • Abduction • Flexion • Extension • Rotation • Sphincters • Levators • Depressors • Supination • Pronation

  8. Human skeletal muscle groups

  9. Anatomy of skeletal muscles epimysium tendon perimysium Muscle Fascicle Surrounded byperimysium endomysium Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fiber (cell) Surrounded by epimysium Surrounded by endomysium

  10. Organization of skeletal muscles

  11. Overview of the Sliding Filament Theory The muscle fiber is stimulated. Ca2+ ions are released. Thin filaments move to middle of sarcomere. Muscle fiber contracts. Muscle tension increases.

  12. Muscle twitch • Cycle of contraction and relaxation generated from one stimulus • All or none response of muscle fibers • Force Summation • Increasing # and size of fibers contracting • Increasing frequency at which action potentials are sent to muscle fibers

  13. Slow and Fast Twitch Fibers • Slow Twitch • More ATP from aerobic respiration • Continuous extended contractions over time • More myoglobin • Fast Twitch • Anaerobic metabolism (creatine phosphate and lactic acid fermentation) • Short bursts of speed • Fatigue quickly

  14. Muscle and exercise

  15. Cramps • Painful sensations caused by contraction/ overshortening of muscles • Causes • Hyperflexion • Inadequate oxygenation • Changes in temperature • Dehydration • Low amount of electrolytes in blood • Treatment • Correct breathing • Increasing intake of water and electrolytes

More Related