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Understanding Cellular Respiration: The Power of ATP Production

Learn about cellular respiration, the process of harnessing energy from sugars to produce ATP, the body's energy currency. Explore glycolysis, aerobic respiration, and fermentation, and understand how ATP powers various cellular activities.

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Understanding Cellular Respiration: The Power of ATP Production

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. ATP Power • Adenosine triphosphate • ATP powers almost all cell and body activities

  3. Making ATP in the body • Cellular respiration: process of harvesting energy from sugars • GOAL: Take electrons from sugars and use their energy to make ATP. • Two steps: • Glycolysis: anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell • Aerobic respiration: aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria of a cell; includes electron transport & Krebs Cycle

  4. High-energy electrons carried by NADH GLYCOLYSIS ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS KREBSCYCLE Glucose Pyruvicacid Cytoplasmicfluid Mitochondrion

  5. Glycolysis • Location: Cytoplasm • Major Reactants: • 1 Glucose molecule (C6H12O6) • 2 ATPs (for energy) • Products: • 4 ATPs (energy storing) – only a net yield of 2 ATPs • 2 Pyruvate (energy storing) • Continues to Krebs Cycle to get remaining energy out of the pyruvate molecules

  6. Krebs Cycle (Aerobic) • Location: Mitochondrial matrix • Pre-reaction: Pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A to form an intermediate compound, acetyl CoA. • Reactants: • Acetyl CoA • Major Products: • 6 CO2 molecules (waste product) • 8 NADHs (moves on to Electron transport chain to make more ATP) • 2FADH2 (moves on to Electron transport chain to make more ATP) • 2 ATPs

  7. Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis (Aerobic) • Location: Mitochondrial membrane • Reactants: • High energy electrons from glycolysis • NADH from Krebs cycle • FADH2 from Krebs cycle • O2 • Products: • Up to 32-34 ATPs • Water molecule

  8. Review – • 1 glucose molecule produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid Mitochondrion Electron shuttleacrossmembranes KREBSCYCLE GLYCOLYSIS 2AcetylCoA KREBSCYCLE ELECTRONTRANSPORT CHAINAND CHEMIOSMOSIS 2Pyruvicacid Glucose by substrate-levelphosphorylation used for shuttling electronsfrom NADH made in glycolysis by substrate-levelphosphorylation by chemiosmoticphosphorylation Maximum per glucose:

  9. Anaerobic Respiration • AKA: Fermentation • If oxygen is not available, cells can use glycolysis alone to produce small amounts of ATP. • Two methods of fermentation: • Lactic acid fermentation: • Enzymes convert pyruvate into lactic acid. • Very little ATP is produced. • Skeletal muscles produce lactic acid when oxygen supply is low. Lactic acid builds up to make muscles sore. • Alcohol fermentation: • Occurs in yeast and bacteria • Converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

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