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Acids and Bases

Learn about the definitions, properties, and examples of acids and bases, including Bronsted-Lowry and Arrhenius theories. Explore strong vs. weak acids, conjugate bases, and conjugate acids. Discover strong acids like HCl and HNO3, strong bases including LiOH and Ba(OH)2, and their ionization behaviors.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Definitions • Bronsted-Lowry: • Acids donate protons (H+) • Bases accept protons (H+) • Arrhenius: • Acids produce hydronium in water (H3O+) • Bases produce hydroxide in water (OH-)

  3. Properties of acids and bases

  4. What is the acid? HNO3(aq) + NH3(aq) → NO3-(aq) + NH4+(aq) PO43- + CH3COOH → HPO42-+ CH3COO- H2O + NH4+ → H3O+ + NH3 What is the base? What is the conjugatebase? What is the conjugate acid?

  5. Strong vs. Week • Strong acids and bases ionize or dissociate completely (100%) • Ex: HCl + H2O→ Cl- + H3O+ NaOH → Na+ + OH- (all of the acid and base become products) • Weak acids and bases ionize or dissociate only partially (<100%). The reach equilibrium. • Ex: HNO2 + H2O ↔ NO2- + H3O+ NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4+ + OH- (only some of the acid and base become products)

  6. Strong Acids • HCl: hydrochloric acid • HBr: hydrobromic acid • HI: hydroiodic acid • HNO3: nitric acid • H2SO4: sulfuric acid • HClO4: perchloric acid Hydrogen Halides Oxyacids

  7. Strong bases • LiOH • NaOH • KOH • RbOH • CsOH • Sr(OH)2 • Ba(OH)2

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