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Understanding the Skeletal System: Basics, Structure & Function

Explore the skeletal system basics, bone structure, bone formation, and bone tissue health. Discover how bones grow and bone classification.

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Understanding the Skeletal System: Basics, Structure & Function

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  1. Skeletal System

  2. Skeletal System • The Basics

  3. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body

  4. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body • protects delicate internal organs

  5. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body • protects delicate internal organs • acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement

  6. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body • protects delicate internal organs • acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement • stores minerals

  7. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body • protects delicate internal organs • acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement • stores minerals • site of blood cell formation

  8. Skeletal System • The Basics • provides support and shape to the body • protects delicate internal organs • acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement • stores minerals • site of blood cell formation

  9. The Structure of Bone

  10. The Structure of Bone • Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone

  11. The Structure of Bone • Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone • Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory

  12. The Structure of Bone • Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone • Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory • Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass

  13. The Structure of Bone • Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone • Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory • Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass • Marrow in center

  14. The Structure of Bone • Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone • Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory • Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass • Marrow in center

  15. Anatomy of a Long Bone

  16. Anatomy of a Bone • Color and label the worksheet by referring to the slide prior to this one

  17. Healing Bones • Healing takes place in periosteum, with thin layer of blood vessels and nerves covering the bone • Area inflamed and cleans away dead tissue and new cells (osteoblasts) move in to make repair • Bone is stronger and callus is built up over damaged area

  18. How are bones formed?

  19. How are bones formed? • Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes

  20. How are bones formed? • Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes • Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage

  21. How are bones formed? • Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes • Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage • Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts

  22. How are bones formed? • Bones are made of living tissue – osteocytes (bone cells) • Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage • Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts • Lacuna: small pockets found b/w sheets of calcified matrix called lamellae

  23. Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy

  24. Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy • Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.

  25. Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy • Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue. • Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals

  26. Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy • Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue. • Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals • Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels

  27. Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy • Haversian canals (osteons) are tubes through bone tissue. • Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals • Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels • Canaliculi: small channels radiate through matrix interconnecting lacunae (small pockets that have bone cells) and linking them to blood vessels

  28. How bones grow!

  29. How bones grow! • Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end

  30. How bones grow! • Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end • The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen

  31. How bones grow! • Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end • The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen • Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

  32. How bones grow! • Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end • The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen • Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

  33. How bones grow! • Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end • The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen • Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone

  34. Bone Classification p.136 • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones • *color at least 2 of each on your worksheet!

  35. Connecting Bones Together

  36. Connecting Bones Together • While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily

  37. Connecting Bones Together • While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily • Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear

  38. Connecting Bones Together • While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily • Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear • Ligaments hold bones together

  39. Connecting Bones Together • While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily • Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear • Ligaments hold bones together

  40. Joint Movement

  41. Stick Figure • Fill out matching on joint movements worksheet • Make stick figure perform movements

  42. Different types of joints.

  43. Different types of joints. • Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

  44. Different types of joints. • Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance

  45. Different types of joints. • Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

  46. Different types of joints. • Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge

  47. Different types of joints. • Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge • Allow for flexion and extension • Ex: humeroulnar (elbow)

  48. Hinge Joint Examples • Knee • Ankle • Interphalangeal

  49. Different types of joints. • Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

  50. Different types of joints. • Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions

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