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Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal. “In life, as in a football game, the principle…is: Hit the line hard.” –Roosevelt. Chapter 9, Section 3. Theodore Roosevelt. Teddy Roosevelt. Became President when McKinley assassinated

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Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

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  1. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal “In life, as in a football game, the principle…is: Hit the line hard.” –Roosevelt Chapter 9, Section 3

  2. Theodore Roosevelt

  3. Teddy Roosevelt • Became President when McKinley assassinated • Helped create the modern presidency with his bold and aggressive programs. • Square Deal – progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt

  4. Trust Busting • 4/5 of Industry were controlled by trusts in 1900. • Ordered the Justice Department to file 44 anti-trust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act. • Was successful in breaking up some trusts.

  5. Pg 319

  6. Coal Strike of 1902 • 140,000 coal miners in PN went on strike, demanding 20% raise and 9 hour workday. • Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines when coal reserves ran low. • A compromise was reached. • Precedent: government was expected to intervene when a strike threatened public welfare.

  7. Railroad Regulation • Roosevelt wanted federal regulation. • Elkins Act, 1903 • Made it illegal for railroads to give rebates for using particular railroads. • Illegal to change set rates without notifying public. • Hepburn Act, 1906 • Limited the distribution of free railroad passes • ICC could set max. railroad rates.

  8. Regulating Foods and Drugs • The Jungle by Upton Sinclair • Exposed the horrors of the meatpacking industry. • Roosevelt appointed a commission that echoed Sinclair’s claims. • Meat Inspection Act, 1906 • Dictated cleanliness requirements for meatpackers • Program for federal meat inspecting

  9. Regulating Foods and Drugs • Manufacturers claimed products were miracle cures. • Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 • Halted sale of contaminated foods and medicines • Truth in labeling policy

  10. Conservation and Natural Resources • Natural Resources were being used irresponsibly and pollution was rampant. • Set aside areas for government study • 50 wildlife sanctuaries • 7 national parks • National Reclamation Act, 1902 • Money from selling public land funded irrigation projects.

  11. Civil Rights • Roosevelt did very little to support civil rights for African Americans.

  12. Progressivism Under Taft Chapter 9, Section 4

  13. William Taft

  14. Taft becomes President • Taft and the Republicans easily win in 1908. • Taft does not use presidency as “bully pulpit” like Roosevelt. • Taft Stumbles • Tariffs and Conservation

  15. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Taft campaigned to lower tariffs • House – Payne Bill – lowering tariffs • Senate – Aldrich Bill – increased tariffs • Taft signed Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Compromise moderated high rates. • Progressives in the party felt betrayed.

  16. Disputing Public Lands • Richard Ballinger, Secretary of the Interior • Removed 1 million acres of land from the reserve list. • Taft fires Gifford Pinochet (Head of US Forest Service) for speaking out against Ballinger.

  17. Republican Party Splits • Progressives did not trust Taft. • Blamed cost-of-living on the Payne-Aldrich Bill • Didn’t believe Taft would support conservation • Conservatives stuck with Taft • Saw him as a moderate who would not make too many drastic changes.

  18. Bull Moose Party • Roosevelt entered Presidential race under a Progressive Third Party called “Bull Moose Party” • Direct election of senators • Women’s Suffrage • Workmen’s compensation • Eight-hour workday • Minimum wage for women • Outlawing child labor • Federal regulation of business

  19. Election of 1912 • Woodrow Wilson (D) – “New Freedom” • William Taft (R) – “Conservatism” • Theodore Roosevelt (P) – “Progressivism” • Eugene Debs (S) – “Socialism” • Fighting in the Republican Party Taft – “Roosevelt dangerous egotist” Roosevelt – “Taft fathead with brain of a guinea pig.”

  20. Wilson’s New Freedom Chapter 9, Section 5

  21. Woodrow Wilson

  22. Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914 • Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890 • Prohibited corporations from acquiring stock of another if it created a monopoly • Monopoly – when there is only one business that offers a service (no competition) • Labor Unions had the right to exist • Strikes, picketing, boycotts became legal

  23. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) • Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914 • Set up the FTC • Watchdog agency • Power to investigate violations • Required reports from corporations

  24. New Tax System • Underwood Tariff, 1913 • Reduced tariff rates • 16th Amendment • Federal Income Tax to replace income from reduced tariffs • Federal Reserve Act, 1913 • Set up Federal Reserve System • Regional central banks in 12 districts of the country.

  25. Pg 334

  26. Women’s Suffrage • Women win the right to vote after years of campaigning across the country. • 19th Amendment • Nationalizes Women’s right to vote.

  27. Wilson on Civil Rights • Retreats from Civil Rights • Puts White Southerners in his cabinet • Re-segregates federal buildings in Washington, DC

  28. Pg 336

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