1 / 20

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Nonmetals and Metalloids. Coach Medford Building Science Champions. Objectives . Locate nonmetals and metalloids in the periodic table Compare the physical and chemical properties of nonmetals with those of metals Describe the properties of metalloids. Key Terms . Nonmetal

lyris
Download Presentation

Nonmetals and Metalloids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Nonmetals and Metalloids Coach Medford Building Science Champions

  2. Objectives • Locate nonmetals and metalloids in the periodic table • Compare the physical and chemical properties of nonmetals with those of metals • Describe the properties of metalloids

  3. Key Terms • Nonmetal • Diatomic molecule • Halogen family • Noble gas • Metalloid • Semiconductor

  4. Nonmetal -Are elements that lack most of the properties of metals. -There are 17nonmetals located to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table. -Very common and essential to life on Earth. P Phosphorus Atomic # 15 Atomic Mass 20.94 NONCONDUCTORS Do not conduct heat or electricity Hydrogen is the only element in its family. It is also a non-metal

  5. Physical Properties of Nonmetals • Gas at room temperature • Low boiling points • Air is made of nonmetals; nitrogen & oxygen • Carbon and Iodine are solids at room temperature. • Bromine is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature.

  6. Chemical Properties • Easily form compounds except Group 18 • Share electrons usually with metals • Group 18 has 8 valence electrons

  7. Compounds and Nonmetals • Easily form compounds with metals. • Diatomic molecules – molecules that contain ONLY two atoms. • Oxygen = O2, Nitrogen = N2, and Hydrogen = H2

  8. Nonmetal Families • Carbon family – group 14, 4 valence electrons • Nitrogen family – group 15, 5 valence electrons • Oxygen family – group 16, 6 valence electrons • Halogen family – group 17, 7 valence electrons • Noble gases – group 18, 8 valence electrons • Hydrogen – single element, differs from all other elements

  9. Carbon Family • All living organisms on Earth contain carbon • All living organism contain compounds that are made of long chains of carbon • DNA contains carbon as well as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous.

  10. Nitrogen Family • The atmosphere is approximately 80% nitrogen (N2) • Most living things can not use the nitrogen in the atmosphere – bacteria can • Nitrogen is used by farmers for fertilizer • Phosphorous is reactive and unstable • Phosphorous is always found as a compound in nature. • Phosphorus is used in matches and flares

  11. Oxygen Family • Oxygen is in the air you breathe • Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule • Oxygen is very reactive and can combine with almost all other elements • Sulfur has a rotten egg odor • Sulfur is used in rubber bands, tires and medicines

  12. Halogen Family • Share or gain an electron when reacting with other elements • Most are dangerous to humans • Fluorine is found in nonstick cookware and toothpaste • Chlorine combines with sodium to make table salt and calcium to melt snow and ice • Bromine reacts with silver and is used in camera film

  13. Noble Gases • Valence electron ring is full • All noble gases are present in trace amounts in the atmosphere • Neon is used for lights, so are argon, xenon and other noble gases • Nonreactive

  14. Hydrogen • Is the simplest element • Contains one proton and electron • Is its own family • Hydrogen makes 90% of the atoms in the universe • Most hydrogen is combined with oxygen

  15. Metalloids On the border between metals and nonmetals 7 elements Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals Easily conduct electricity Silicon is the most common Semiconductor – are substances that under some conditions can carry electricity, while under other conditions it cannot carry electricity. Semiconductors are used for computer chips and lasers. Sb – Antimony Atomic # 51 Atomic Mass 121.75

  16. Review • Nonmetals are located to the right of the metalloids • There are 17 nonmetals • Nonmetals have numerous physical and chemical properties • Seven metalloids are present on the periodic table • Metalloids are semiconductors • Nonmetals are nonconductors

  17. Element Facts • Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. • Neon is used to light signs on the Vegas Strip. • Phosphorus will glow red or white. • Chlorine is an abundant halogen. • Nitrogen is mostly in the air. • Bismuth is used in the schools fire sprinkler system. • Hydrogen is the most abundant element on Earth. • Oxygen is usually in allotrope form: ozone. • Sulfur has a rotten egg smell. • Carbon is the bases for life. • Selenium is a good conductor of electricity. • Arsenic is a poisonous element used in rat poison.

  18. Element Facts • Nickel is used to manufacture batteries. • Tungsten is used in light bulbs. • Chromium is a mirror-like metal. • Boron is the only nonmetal in its family. • Magnesium usually found bounded in nature • Platinum is used in jewelry. • Helium helps balloons rise. • Lead shields against radiation. • Tin coats metals to protect against corrosion. • Iron is very durable. • Potassium is a good conductor.

  19. 4th State of Matter • Plasma – state of matter where atoms are stripped of their electrons, and the nuclei are packed closed together. • Most frequently seen in stars. • When colliding nuclei have enough energy, they can join together in a process called nuclear fusion. • Inside stars, nuclear fusion combines smaller nuclei into larger nuclei, thus creating heavier elements.

  20. References • Anderson, M. et all (2012) Physical Science. McGraw-Hill: Columbus • Frank, D.V et al (2001). Physical Science. Prentice Hall: New Jersey

More Related