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Rivers and Geomorphology

Rivers and Geomorphology. CGF3M. Rivers. 1. Energy. 2. Stages of River Development. 3. Drainage Basins. 4. River Patterns. 5. Geomorphological Features. Energy. Features due to erosion or deposition depending on speed. Low energy/low speed = deposition High energy/high speed = erosion.

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Rivers and Geomorphology

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  1. Rivers and Geomorphology CGF3M

  2. Rivers 1. Energy 2. Stages of River Development 3. Drainage Basins 4. River Patterns 5. Geomorphological Features

  3. Energy • Features due to erosion or deposition depending on speed. • Low energy/low speed = deposition • High energy/high speed = erosion

  4. Stages of River Development A: Youthful/Upper Stage B: Mature/Middle Stage C: Old/Low Stage

  5. Stages of River Development

  6. A: Youthful Stage • Steep, fast, straight, vertical erosion

  7. B: Mature Stage • Less steep, slower, meanders, horizontal erosion

  8. C: Old Age Stage • Flat, slow, meandering, depositional

  9. Drainage Basins • Area in which all raindrops eventually drain into the same river system, ocean, or lake (catchment, watershed) The Amazon Drainage Basin

  10. Drainage Basins • Tributaries: smaller rivers that drain into larger rivers. • Interfluves: pieces of higher land between tributaries. • Divide: higher ground between drainage basins.

  11. Drainage Basin

  12. Drainage Patterns • Main river = trunk • Tributaries = branches • Distributaries = roots

  13. Drainage Patterns • 5 Drainage Patterns: • Dendritic • Trellis • Radial • Deranged • Rectangular

  14. Drainage Patterns

  15. Dendric Drainage Pattern • Flow across level land, merging with other rivers • Resemble branching tree

  16. Trellis and Rectangular • Ground is made of folded bedrock, rivers may follow a straighter course along the softer bedrock, with hard rock on either side. • Often in mountainous areas. • Trellis: one main trunk • Rectangular: square pattern

  17. Radial Pattern • Landforms influenced by volcanoes and cone-shaped hills. • Streams radiate outward in all directions from central zone

  18. Deranged Pattern • No distinct pattern noted • Often lakes are found throughout • Glaciation has torn the landscape leaving this deranged pattern

  19. Geomorphological Features • Levees: sediments deposited in the stream channel that contain the water. (ridges).

  20. Geomorphological Features • Meander: sinuous back and forth sweep of a river in old age. • Meander scar: an oxbow lake that has dried up leaving a dry hollow where the river channel had been.

  21. Geomorphological Features • Oxbow lakes: an area of poor drainage that occurs when a meander is cut off from the main river channel, forming a lake.

  22. Geomorphological Features • Delta: depositional feature found at the mouth of a river. • River’s water reaches mouth of river and the sediment is carried settles.

  23. Geomorphological Features • Estuary: the flooded mouth of a river valley.

  24. The End!

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