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Development Management

This paper explores the concept of a developmental state as outlined by Evans, analyzing its characteristics alongside those of a 'predatory' state. It delves into governance definitions, emphasizing the processes through which decisions are made and authority is exercised, as framed by institutions like the World Bank and DFID. The text further evaluates potential governance interventions, challenges in service provision, and the importance of accountability, transparency, and citizen engagement. Moreover, it highlights effective public sector management, decentralization, and the role of civil society in promoting democratic governance and institutional efficiency.

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Development Management

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  1. Development Management January 23, 2009

  2. Evans and Embedded Autonomy • What is a developmental state, according to Evans • What are its internal and external characteristics? • What are the characteristics of a ‘predatory’ state? • How can one transform a predatory state into a developmental state? • This is the key question in the institutions and governance approach to development

  3. What is governance? • World Bank • Process and institutionalization through which decisions are made and authority exercised? • Selection, accountability and replacement of authority • Efficiency of institutions – resource allocation • Respect for institutions – rule of law • DFID • How institutions rules and systems of the state operate at central and local level & how state relates to citizens • Political systems, macro stability, promote growth, pro-poor policy, universal access to basic services, personal safety & security, manage national security, honest and accountable government

  4. Evaluating Potential Governance Interventions(Grindle) • What degree of conflict is likely • Time required for institutionalization • Organizational complexity • Budgetary requirements • Amount of behavioral change required

  5. Pritchett & Woolcock • Effective provision depends on structure of incentives • Resources • Information • Decision-making • Delivery mechanism • Accountability

  6. Problems in service provision • All services provided by center, irrespective of their characteristics • Works in “Denmark” now • Makes ‘sense’ • Fits with interests of donor agencies • Provided a means to stay in power • Fits with ‘creation myths’ of developed world

  7. Three responses to failure • Intensification • Amputation • Reform key policies • Implementation by ‘10 smart people’

  8. World Development Report 2004 • Service provision – requires institutional relationships in which actors are accountable • Actors • Characteristics of services • Accountability • Delegation • Finance • Performance • Information/monitoring • Enforceability

  9. Governance Dimensions Citizens/Firms • Political Accountability • Political competition, broad-based political parties • Transparency & regulation of party financing • Disclosure of parliamentary votes • Effective Public Sector Management • Ethical leadership: asset declaration, conflict of interest rules • Cross-cutting public management systems: meritocracy, public finance, procurement • Service delivery and regulatory agencies in sectors • Checks & Balances • Independent, effective judiciary • Legislative oversight (PACs, PECs) • Independent oversight institutions (SAI) • Global initiatives: UN, OECD Convention, anti-money laundering • Civil Society & Media • Freedom of press, FOI • Civil society watchdogs • Report cards, client surveys • Private Sector Interface • Streamlined regulation • Public-private dialogue • Extractive Industry Transparency • Corporate governance • Collective business associations Citizens/Firms Citizens/Firms • Decentralization and Local Participation • Decentralization with accountability • Community Driven Development (CDD) • Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user groups • Beneficiary participation in projects Citizens/Firms

  10. Public Expenditure Tracking • Budget: • Formulation • Analysis • Expenditure • Monitoring

  11. Participatory Tools • Public expenditure tracking surveys • Social audits • Citizen report cards, community scorecards • Advocacy campaigns

  12. Examples • Budget formulation –Porto Alegre Brazil • Budget review and analysis – Gujurat, India • Expenditure tracking – Uganda • Performance Monitoring – Bangalore, India

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