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Adaptation and Variations in Organisms: Lessons from Fossils

Explore how organisms adapt to their environment through variations, mutations, and fossil evidence. Discover how species evolve to cope with changing conditions, like the woolly mammoth and peppered moth. Learn about fossils, molds, casts, and petrified fossils that provide insights into ancient life forms.

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Adaptation and Variations in Organisms: Lessons from Fossils

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  1. Lesson 4. How do OrganismsbecomeAdaptedtotheirEnvironment? Pg. A98 November, 2013

  2. Variations • Individualswithin a single speciesmayvaryfromeachotherboth in theirphysicalappearances and in theirbehaviors. • New variationswithinspecies can arisethroughmutations. Somemutationshurtthe individual. Othermutationshelp. If a variationhelpsan individual survive in itsenvironment, thatvariationmay be passedontofuturegenerations.

  3. Examples of Variations Chihuahua St. Bernard Irishwolfhound Copperbutterflies

  4. EnvironmentalChange • Whentheenvironmentchanges, speciesmaybecomeadaptedtothe new conditions. • One of themostfamousexamples of a speciesbeingadaptedto a changingenvironmentisthat of thepepperedmoth. Duringthe Industrial Revolution in England, sootblackenedthetrees.

  5. WoollyMammoth Thewoollymammoth´slargersizehelpeditsbodyretainheat. Beneathits skin was a layer of fat up to 8 centimetersthick. Itwascoveredby a layer of short, woollyhairs and a layer of coarsehair up to 50 centimeterslong. Manyscientiststhinkthe gray foxhadbehavioraladaptationsthathelpeditsurvivethecold.

  6. LearningfromFossils • Fossil: isanyremainsor trace of anorganismthatwas once alive. • Theremains of animals, such as fossils can providescientistswithimportantinformationaboutwhattheorganismlookedlike, howitmighthavebehaved, and theenvironment in whichitlived.

  7. Plants and animals can be preserved as fossils. Scientistsalso can getfossilinformationfrommolds, animal tracks, petrifiedfossils, and smallanimalspreserved in amber. • Mold: a fossilthatis a hollow place shapedlikeanorganism. • Cast: a fossilformedbysedimentsfilling up a mold. • Petrifiedfossil: a fossilformedwhenmineralsslowlyreplacesomeorall of anorganism, turningittostone.

  8. Examples of Fossils Molds and Casts Fossils in Amber PetrifiedFossil FrozenFossils

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