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Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation. The Urinary System. Osmoregulation. Get rid of water OR get more solutes (and vice versa). Catabolic. Anabolic. Toxic. Protein. Fish. Mammals. Birds and Reptiles. Less toxic. Urinary System in Humans. Kidneys. Ureters. Bladder. Urethra. Kidney function.

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Osmoregulation

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  1. Osmoregulation The Urinary System

  2. Osmoregulation • Get rid of water OR get more solutes (and vice versa)

  3. Catabolic Anabolic Toxic Protein Fish Mammals Birds and Reptiles Less toxic

  4. Urinary System in Humans Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

  5. Kidney function • filtration, • blood pressure exceeds the pressure within the nephron • Pushes out all the small molecules • reabsorption, • Diffusion and active transport return molecules to blood at the proximal convoluted tubule • secretion • Active transport moves E from blood into distal convoluted tubule • Reabsoprtion of H2O • Along the length of the nephron and in Loop and Duct, H2O returns by osmosis following active Reabsoprtion of salt • excretion • Urine formation rid body of metabolic wastes

  6. Adrenal Gland Adipose Capsule Renal Vein Renal Hilus Kidney Ureter Inferior Vena Cava

  7. Lobar Arteries Segmental Arteries Renal Artery Abdominal Aorta These arteries provide the kidneys with a rich blood supply under high pressure, allowing them to continuously filter and cleanse the blood.

  8. Renal Cortex Renal Pyramid Renal Pelvis Renal Column Renal Sinus Renal Medulla Ureter

  9. Renal Cortex Outer layer Contains millions of nephrons Nephrons make urine Renal Medulla Middle layer Renal Pyramids Carry urine from nephrons Renal Columns Extension of cortex that provide passage of blood vessels and nerves Renal Pelvis Found within renal sinus (inner layer) Collect urine from pyramids and pass it on to ureter

  10. The Nephron(Structural and Functional Unit) • Glomerulus • Afferent arteriole • Efferent arteriole • Peritubular capillaries • Bowman’s Capsule • Proximal Tubule • Loop of Henle • Descending limb • Ascending limb • Distal Tubule • Collecting Duct

  11. Urine Formation • Blood passes thru the glomerulus • Pressure forces everything small enough to leave blood and enter Bowman’s capsule (filtration) • Filtrate flows thru tubule where reabsorption occurs • Descending Limb – impermeable to salt, water flows out to peritubular capillary • Ascending Limb – thin segment – permeable to salt, which diffuses out • Ascending Limb – thick segment – salt actively transported out • Osmolarity decreases • Collecting duct, permeable to water – water diffuse out, also urea to increase interstitial osmolarity • Urea cycles through and is eventually excreted

  12. Some Links for Review • http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/kidney.html

  13. Homework • P. 348 (# 3) • Copy Table 2 on p. 351 • P. 352 ( # 2, 3, 5, 7) • Know the Regulation of ADH and pH as well (pp. 353-355) • P. 356 (# 2, 6, 7, 8)

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