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Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science

Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science. Philip J.B. Jackson research fellow. Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering. http://web.bham.ac.uk/p.jackson. INTRODUCTION. Outline. The sounds of English Darwin’s studies of phonetics Human speech production

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Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science

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  1. Mama and Papa: the ancestors of modern-day speech science Philip J.B. Jackson research fellow Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering http://web.bham.ac.uk/p.jackson

  2. INTRODUCTION Outline • The sounds of English • Darwin’s studies of phonetics • Human speech production • Darwin’s “speaking machine” • C.20th speech synthesis • Summary

  3. PHONETICS Analysis of Articulate Sounds “The tongue, the lips articulate; the throat With soft vibration modulates the note.” • Imperfections of the present Alphabet • Production of Sounds • Structure of the Alphabet

  4. PHONETICS International Phonetic Alphabet

  5. PHONETICS International Phonetic Alphabet

  6. PRODUCTION Articulators mid-sagittal MRI for vowel /i/ Jaw Lips Tongue tip Tongue blade Velum Larynx

  7. PRODUCTION Letter to George Gray, 1791 “…, as I once made a wooden head, which spoke distinctly p.a. and m. so that it said pam, map, papa, mamma; as plain as most human heads.”

  8. PRODUCTION Speaking machines

  9. PRODUCTION Functional description • Air pressure and reed • voice source (cf. larynx) • Ducts • oral cavity • nasal cavity • Variable geometry • articulation

  10. PRODUCTION Anatomy of the larynx

  11. PRODUCTION Voicing/phonation

  12. PRODUCTION Articulation from Mohammad (2000)

  13. SYNTHESIS 20th-century speech synthesis • Review by Klatt (1987) “Good evening radio audience”, Dudley (1939) • Text-to-speech (Bell Labs) http://www.bell-labs.com/project/tts/voices.html • Festival (Univ. Edinburgh) http://festvox.org/voicedemos.html

  14. SYNTHESIS Extract the outline Vocal-tract geometry:

  15. SYNTHESIS Discretise the outline Extracted outline:

  16. SYNTHESIS Derive the area function Area function:

  17. SYNTHESIS Compute acoustic response Vocal-tract transfer function:

  18. CONCLUSION Summary • Sounds of English • Darwin’s idea of a phonetic alphabet • Fundamentals of speech production • Darwin’s speaking machine • Modern speech synthesis • Further information • http://web.bham.ac.uk/p.jackson

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