Speech Science

1. Speech Science Week #3

2. Basic of Speech Science • The Speech Chain

3. The Speech Chain

4. Linguistic level of speakerarrange thoughts, decide what to say, put into linguistic form

5. Physiological Levellinguistic information at the level of the brain give instructions to the vocal mechanisms

6. Acoustic Levelnerve impulses from the physiological level set the vocal muscles in motion producing sound waves that travel between speaker & listener

7. Video of articulatorshttp://psyc.queensu.ca/~munhallk/05_database.htm

8. Feedback loop for speaker

9. Pass Off to Listener!Acoustic Level of listeneractivates peripheral hearing system which sends nerve impulses to brain

10. Physiological Level of Listenerprocessing of sound – not fully understoodhappens beyond the peripheral systemhow fast is sound arriving?We can route the path, measure its arrival, but not how the brain processes it P300APD

11. APD When the brain can’t hear.

12. P300

15. Linguistic Level of Listenerunderstanding

16. CommunicationFrom Speaker’s brain to Listener’s Brain

17. What happens if there’s a glitch at the Speaker’s linguistic level?

18. What if there’s a problem with Speaker’s physiological level?

19. What if there’s a hitch in the speaker’s acoustic level?

20. What happens if the Listener has a problem at the acoustic level?

21. What happens if there’s a snag at the Listener’s physiological level?

22. What if the problem is at the level of the Listener’s linguistic level?

23. Communication breakdowns happen all the time!Think of one that happened to you recently?

24. So, how does Speech Science apply to your degree?

25. Psychophysicist – HelmholtzPhonetician/linguist – SweetSpeech pathologist – BellPhysiological psychologist – StetsonElectrical engineer - Dudley

26. Science FundamentalsWhat is good science?

27. Lab

28. WHI Study: The Effects of Low Fat DietFeb 200615 year project/3 studiesrandomized clinical trial; an observational study; community prevention studyThe clinical trial consisted of the Hormone Therapy Component, the Dietary Modification component, and the calcium/vitamin D component

29. The Dietary Modification Componentthe evaluation of a low fat, high fruit, vegetable and grain diet on the prevention of breast cancer, colorectal cancer and heart diseasefollowed 48,835 women aged 50-79 for avg of 8.1 years

30. DesignThe study group followed a low-fat diet – reduce total fat intake to the study’s goal of 20 percent*no differentiation btn good and bad fats

31. Control Groupwomen who followed their normal dietary patterns*both groups started at same level of fat intake – 35-38 % of calories from fat

32. Study group1st year – reduced avg fat intake to 24%6th Year – crept back to 29%

33. Researchers found study group had a 9% lower risk of breast cancer (not statistically significant)no differences in rates of colorectal cancer, heart disearse or stoke btn groups

34. Do you believe it?

35. Design Flawsdurationsizeselection of participantsfailure to distinguish btn good/bad fatsinadequate lifestyle change

36. Good Science Bad ScienceIncomplete Science?