Drill

1. Drill 2/5/2013 Why are the signs we see on highways larger than the signs we see while walking the streets?

2. Applications of Technology Spatial Organizations

3. Spatial Organizations There are basic ways the spaces of a building can be related to one another and organized into coherent patterns of form and space. • Centralized • Linear • Radial • Clustered • Grid

4. Centralized Organizations In Centralized Organizations, secondary spacesaregroupedaround acentral, dominant space. Villa Rotunda, Palladio Vicenza, Italy

5. Centralized Organizations National Assembly Building , Louis Kahn Bangladesh

6. Linear Organizations Linear Organizations consist of a series of spaces directly related to each other or linked by a common space. Longhouse Iroquois Tribe dwelling

7. Linear Organizations Bake House Alvar Aalto Cambridge, Massachusettes Linear Organizations also have repetitive spaces that may or may not be alike in size, form, or function.

8. Radial Organizations A Radial Organizations is a combination of a centralized and a linear organization: a dominant central space with linear organizations extending in a radial manner. Centralized Organizations have an inward focus while Radial Organizations have linear arms that extend outward to their context.

9. Radial Organizations The central space is normally a regular form. UNESCO Headquarters, Marcel Breuer Paris, France

10. Radial Organizations • The radiating arms may differ • from each other to respond to a • specific function or context. Residential Expansion, St. Andrews University James Stirling, Scotland

11. Radial Organizations A variation of a radial organization is a pinwheel pattern. Kaufmann Dessert House, Richard Neutra Palm Springs, California

12. Clustered Organizations Cluster Organizations rely on physical proximity to relate its spaces together. They often include repetitive spaces that may or may not be with a similar in function, shape, or orientation. These spaces may be related by axis and symmetry. They may also be grouped around an entry point or along a path.

13. Clustered Organizations Clustered patterns do not have to originate from a rigid geometricconcept. They are flexible, accepting growth and allowing change readily without affecting the organizations character. Falling Water Frank Lloyd Wright Mill Run, Pennsylvania

14. Clustered Organizations The spaces of a clustered organization may be contained within a defined field or volume of space. The importance of a space must be articulated by size, form, or orientation. Soane House, Sir John Soane London, England

15. Grid Organizations Grid Organizations have spaces organized within the field of a structural grid or other three-dimensional framework. Grids are normally created by perpendicular sets of parallel lines. Grids create regularity and establish a stable set or field of reference points. Grids may be transformed (adding, subtracting, layering). A portion of a grid may also be dislocated and rotated about a point.

16. Grid Organizations A grid can be made irregular in one or two directions to articulate zones for circulationand service or to accommodate dimensional requirements of its spaces. Grid patterns may be interrupted to define a major space. Classification of Temples, Vitruvius

17. Grid Organizations Museum, Le Corbusier Ahmedabad, India Eric Boissonas House, Phillip Johnson New Canaan, Connecticut