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Networked Politics

From ‘using’ to ‘being’ in the networked communication environment. Networked Politics. Merlyna Lim Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes (CSPO) & School of Justice and Social Inquiry ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Freedom of Expression Workshop Yogyakarta, 4-7 November 2007.

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Networked Politics

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  1. From ‘using’ to ‘being’ in the networked communication environment Networked Politics Merlyna Lim Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes (CSPO) & School of Justice and Social Inquiry ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Freedom of Expression Workshop Yogyakarta, 4-7 November 2007

  2. LARGE PRIVATE (ISP) COMPANIES CIVIL SOCIETY REGRESSIVE INTELECTUAL PROPERY REGULATION GLOBALIZATION EMERGING SURVEILLANCE REGIMES NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES FASTER, WIDER, MORE AGGRESIVE MORE PROGRESSIVE MORE EXPANSIVE, ……..

  3. COMMUNICATING OBSERVING/RESEARCHING PUBLISHING/SHARING COLLABORATING MOBILIZATION DELIBERATION EMAIL WEBSITES MAILING LISTS SEARCH ENGINES WEB 2.0

  4. ON CAPACITY BUILDING

  5. WHERE WE ARE …. NGOs Indonesia: 94.03% use computers, 86.94% have Internet access 5.97% more than 10 years 28.73% 5-10 years 26.87% 3-5 years 19.03% 0-3 years (survey of 268 NGOs by Nugroho, 2007)

  6. Growth of International Networks (source: Nugroho, 2007)

  7. Growth of Domestic Networks (source: Nugroho, 2007)

  8. There aresome successful stories …….

  9. However…… • Successful stories are the “exception” to the general phenomenon • Most haven’t moved beyond “using” email and websites • In many cases, the uses emerged out of “formality” endorsed by donors or more superior/global partners • The technologies are just “tools” • Old and new are perceived as being separated

  10. ON “POLITICAL CHANGE”

  11. Physical Cyber Hybrid Physical Printed/Photocopied/Faxed material Info Online info Political activists Cyber activists Mediator Ordinary people Internet users coordinating organising/mobilising Mass mobilization Oral & Textual (Fax, fixed phone, mobile phone, email, etc.) May 1998 Anti-Suharto Movement (Indonesia)

  12. “Small Media” Fax, Cell-phone, Pamphlets Mass Media: TV, Radio, Press Street/Ground: WARNET (cybercafes) Taxi drivers, street vendors, Food stalls/kiosks

  13. Ironically, among the best practices is… LASKAR JIHAD

  14. Listen.to/ambon Scroll.to/ambon Connect.to/ambon Come.to/suaraambon Salafy.net Salafy.org Republika Media Dakwah Sabili Alsofwah.or.id Malu.ku.org Ummah.net Islamic-world.net laskarjihad.or.id Chatrooms Mailing lists Forums Messageboards Guestbooks Palestina-info.melayu.net Al-islam.or.id Personal websites Jihadi movements in Palestine, Lebanon, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Philippines, …

  15. Laskar Jihad Face-to-face meetings Traffic light volunteers Rallies SPPM radio Maluku Today newsletter (daily) Salafy monthly Bulletin Laskar Jihad www.salafy.net www.salafy.org www.laskarjihad.or.id laskarjihad@yahoogroups.com + shortcut & semi-mirror Pocketbook FKAWJ by Thalib Rustam Kastor’s books (3) Printed version and e-books not only old and new media, but also old and new tactics

  16. On activism-mobilization-political change • Effective in ‘critical moments’ (time of crisis) • Relies on intermodality of various (loose, ad-hoc) social networks --> old and new media + existing (traditional) social networks • Relies on issues • Too quick, too thin, short-lived • One-time-action • Focus on ‘big’ politics, impersonal, un-embedded

  17. ON “PEOPLE’S POLITICS”

  18. MAY 1998 REFORMASI Marsinah 9-11 Tempo Bali bombing East Timor Moluccan Laskar Jihad Danish cartoon Grey 27 July 1996 BBS Newsgroup Mailinglists (abroad) RUU-APP Blogs………… Clustered blogs: multiply, friendsters Groups’ sites Mailing List……………………… Personal websites Political leaders’ sites… Political parties’ websites…. SBY the President’s site …- 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

  19. Satire on ‘anti-pornographic/action’ bylaws

  20. Visualizing resistance against‘anti-pornographic/action’ bylaws

  21. Cokelat Band and ‘nationalism’ http://youtube.com/watch?v=w915EazVsT4

  22. From Great Jakarta to Great Flood

  23. Waterworld featuring Governor Sutiyoso

  24. BLOGS BBS Mail-lists Emails Websites IRC Instant Messenger Everyday forms of politics “DEMOCRACY” Anti-Suharto Democracy Global Indo Global Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia PesantrenNet, Highschool-Net, Univ-Net, Office CYBER CAFE CYBERCAFE HOTSPOT CYBERCAFE Univs/research inst CYBERCAFE …- 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

  25. CIVIL SOCIETY NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

  26. NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT CIVIL SOCIETY

  27. beyond access -->from using to being • uses to appropriation • tool to environment • from exogenous to embeddedness • old and new -- ecological system rather than • separate entities • politics as part of culture • networked publics

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