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Understanding Word Building in English: Prefixes and Suffixes

Explore the formation of words in English through prefixes and suffixes, including noun, adjective, verb, and adverb forming suffixes. Learn how to create simple, compound, and derived words to enhance your vocabulary skills.

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Understanding Word Building in English: Prefixes and Suffixes

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  1. Rīga Secondary School No.33 WORD BUILDING/ FORMATION English Language Teacher Jūlija Oblakova Rīga 2014

  2. A word may be: • Simple (work, sun, good, short, etc.) • Compound (workroom, sunflower, good-looking, etc.) • Derived (worker, sunny, homeless, goodness, etc.)

  3. Derived words are formed by: • Suffixes (e.g. –er, -or, -ism, etc.) • Prefixes (e.g. un-, im-, mis-, etc.)

  4. Noun-forming suffixes • -er, -or (worker, sailor) • -ism (realism, naturalism) • -ist (realist, naturalist) • -ing (building, beginning, singing) • -ion, -ation (dictation, profession) • -ness (kindness, darkness, illness) • -ment (development, movement) • -ship (friendship, partnership) • -hood (childhood, brotherhood) • -ty, -ity (liberty, activity, cruelty) • -y, -ie (daddy, birdie, auntie) • -th (strenght, growth, lenght)

  5. -ful -less -ous -y -ish -able -ly -en -ive -ic -al -an, -ian (peaceful, beautiful) (hopeless, careless) (continuous, numerous) (sunny, rainy, windy) (childish, foolish, English) (comfortable, admirable) (friendly, daily, weekly) (golden, wooden, woollen) (negative, active, passive) (heroic, dramatic, comic) (cultural, political) (African, Roman, Latvian) Adjective-forming Suffixes

  6. -en -ize, -ise -ate -fy (shorten, darken, widen) (advertise, recognize) (educate, separate) (electrify, qualify, simplify) Verb-forming Suffixes

  7. -ly -ward(s) (quickly, easily, coldly) (backward(s), upward(s)) Adverb-forming Suffixes

  8. Un- Im- In- Mis- Dis- Re- Ex- Umemployment Impossible, improve Indirect, inhuman Misunderstand, mistrust Dishonest, disappear Return, reform, rewrite Express, exclaim, extract Prefixes

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