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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009. The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg. 1. Today’s Topics. Continental Expansion

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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

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  1. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred BergWinter Term 2008/2009 The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1

  2. Today’s Topics • Continental Expansion • The United States and Imperialism • The Spanish-American War • The Open Door in China • The Big Stick in the Caribbean Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  3. George Washington (1732-1799) • “The period is not far off, when we may defy material injury from external annoyance...; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel.” • Farewell Address of 1796 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  4. James Madison (1751-1836) • Mr. Madison’s War 1812 - 1814 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  5. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) • Empire of Liberty Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  6. Indian Removal Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  7. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  8. Manifest Destiny • “It is our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.” • John O’Sullivan, 1845 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  9. Mexican-American War, 1846 - 1848 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  10. William Seward (1801-1872) • U.S. Secretary of State (1861-1869) Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  11. Seward’s Ice Box, 1867 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  12. Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914) • The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  13. Imperialism • Navalism • Racism • Social Darwinism • Colonialism • Jingoism • Yellow Press • Social Imperialism Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  14. William McKinley (1843-1901) • U.S. President (1897 – 1901) Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  15. New York Journal Headlines (Feb.17, 1898) U.S.S. Maine, 1898 • Wreckage of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  16. The Battle of San Juan Hill U.S. Secretary of State John Hay: “A Splendid Little War” The Spanish-American War 1898 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  17. Cuba • Teller Amendment of 1898: • “The United States disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control” over Cuba. • Platt Amendment of 1903: • The U.S. reserves the right “to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty.” Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  18. Annexation of the Philippines Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  19. Andrew Carnegie, 1835-1919 Carl Schurz, 1829 - 1906 Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  20. The Philippine War, 1899-1902 • U.S. soldiers of the First Nebraska volunteers, company B, near Manila, 1899 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  21. China Around 1900 Western Powers and Spheres of Influence in China, ca. 1900 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  22. Open Door Notes • 1899: U.S. does not recognize“exclusive rights of any power within or control over any portion of the Chinese Empire” which must remain “an open market for the commerce of the world.” • 1900: U.S. wants to “preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity” and the “principle of equal and impartial trade.” Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  23. Boxer Uprising, 1900 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  24. Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) • U.S. President, 1901-1909 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  25. Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936) “Take up the white man’s burden, and reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, the hate of those ye guard.” - “The White Man’s Burden”(1899) Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  26. New Routes of commerce and travel Panama Canal Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  27. Roosevelt Corollary, 1904 • “Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which may result in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society...may force the United States, however reluctantly,… to the exercise of an international police power.” • TR, 1904 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

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