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Lyceum

Lyceum. Name of the Greek building where Aristotle taught Institution for education—lectures, concerts, etc. Gymnasium—European roots—a classical prep school; Greek youths met for physical education and discussion. The American Renaissance.

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Lyceum

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  1. Lyceum • Name of the Greek building where Aristotle taught • Institution for education—lectures, concerts, etc. • Gymnasium—European roots—a classical prep school; Greek youths met for physical education and discussion

  2. The American Renaissance Not literally a rebirth but a cultural maturity.

  3. An indicator of intelligence or genius is one’s ability to be open to and understand new ideas. • One does not need to agree with these ideas; however, the willingness and ability to understand them is essential to broaden one’s intellect.

  4. Henry David Thoreau • …accept such portions as applies to them. I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat…

  5. Mid-nineteenth century—intellectual and social ferment in New England

  6. Not literally a rebirth but a cultural maturity. • Emerson’s Representative Men • Hawthorne’s The Scarlett Letter and The House of Seven Gables • Melville’s Moby Dick • Thoreau’s Walden • Whitman’s Leaves of Grass • Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”

  7. Noah Webster in 1783: • “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for arts as for arms.”

  8. Lyceum Movement—founded in 1826 to improve education; named after Aristotle

  9. An intellectual and social ferment in New England (Ferment—uproar, upheaval, excitement) Founded in 1826 to improve education

  10. Lyceum Goals • Training teachers—Horace Mann • Alleviating horrible conditions in insane asylums—Dorthea Dix • Addressing problems of the blind and deaf • Abolishing slavery—William Lloyd Garrison • Establishing museums • Fighting for women’s rights

  11. Ralph Waldo Emerson Father of transcendentalism in America 1000 lectures from the east coast to the mid west.

  12. Define transcend • toriseaboveorgobeyond;overpass; exceed

  13. Transcendentalism

  14. Originated in Europe with the German romantic philosopher Immanuel Kant

  15. Ralph Waldo Emerson— • Father of transcendentalism in America • 1000 lectures from the east coast to the mid west • For Emerson, transcendentalism was not a new idea but “the oldest of thoughts cast into the mold of these new times.

  16. The “old idea” from Plato • Emerson incorporated the philosophy of Plato whose theory of ideal forms reflected the essence of transcendentalism as well. • True reality is spiritual or IDEAL -- not physical.

  17. “The oldest of thoughts” was idealism, which originated with Plato in ancient Greece. Plato’s theory of ideal forms

  18. Transcendentalism • The idea of God, truth, happiness transcends concrete, human experience • True, permanent spiritual reality lies behind the transitory physical world. One must “transcend” the material world in order to find truth. Transcend—rise above, go beyond, surpass

  19. Transcendentalists also believed in human perfectibility

  20. The physical facts of the material world serve as a doorway to the spiritual world; therefore, man uses nature as a doorway to the spiritual world • Nature is deified

  21. God is good, God created nature; therefore nature is good. • Man is part of nature; therefore, man is good. • Since man is part of nature and nature is part of God, then man is also part of God.

  22. Therefore, God, nature, and man are unified. Man is part of one great OVERSOUL. • Remember Jim Casy said this

  23. Since God, man, and nature are essentially one, man belongs to The Divine Soul or the Over Soul. • Man must trust in his own power to have a direct relationship with God. When man is able to have a personal relationship with God, he becomes part of the Over Soul.

  24. God Man Nature

  25. If each man trusts himself and knows his own goodness, then he will make the right decisions

  26. Man needs to be optimistic and realize the godliness within himself and within other people.

  27. God is good • God works through nature • Man is part of nature • Therefore man is good

  28. Read and annotate the biography • On the back, answer the following: • Overall, what did Emerson advocate? List three to five ideas that best illustrate what Emerson stood for. Use complete sentences. • What was Emerson’s plan or hope for America? Use complete sentences.

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