Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering

1. Chapter 13Genetic Engineering Section 13-3Cell Transformation

2. Cell Transformation Key Concept: During Transformation • A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside The Cell. • This External DNA Becomes Part Of The Cell’s DNA.

3. Transforming Bacteria • Plasmids • Found In Bacteria • Small Circular Pieces Of DNA • Has DNA Sequence That Functions As Origin For Replication • This ensure that once in the bacteria, it will be replicated

4. Transforming Bacteria • Plasmids (cont.) • Contains A Genetic Marker • A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A Plasmid Carrier • For Example: Resistance To Antibiotics • Allows Transformed Cells To Be Identified

5. Transforming Bacteria

6. Transforming Plant Cells • Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor Plasmid (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) • Scientists Inactivate Plant Tumor Gene • Insert Foreign DNA • Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms Plant Cells

7. Transforming Plant Cells • Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls Removed Will Sometimes Absorb DNA • DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant Cells (Gene Gun) • Cells Then Grown Into Adult Plants

8. Transforming Plant Cells Key Concept: If Transformation Is Successful, The Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into One Of The Chromosomes Of The Cell

9. Transforming Plant Cells

10. Transforming Animal Cells Egg Cells Large Enough: • DNA Injected Into Nucleus • Enzymes Normally Responsible For DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert DNA Into Chromosomes

11. Transforming Animal Cells • Recombinant DNA Contains Markers Allowing Transformed Cells To Be Identified

12. Transforming Animal Cells Scientists Can Knock Out Single Genes • Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace It With A New Gene

13. Knocking Out Genes