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Native American Wars

Explore the Native American Wars, including the Sand Creek Massacre and the Battle of Little Bighorn, and the barriers that led to miscommunication between the Native Americans and the U.S. government. Discover the impact of assimilation policies and the Supreme Court's decision on Native American rights.

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Native American Wars

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  1. Native American Wars Chapter 16

  2. History of reaction to the Dakotas • Response of MN govt would set stage for conflict • Sand Creek Massacre, Nov 1864 • Cheyennes attacked although one of the chiefs had a peace treaty with the U.S. (May) • Black Kettle moved them to government land and were attacked • Began a series of retaliation against settlers

  3. Grant’s Indian Policy • Inherited a hodge-podge of policy • Used reformers and former abolitionists as missionaries to bring natives up to white ‘standards’ • Assimilation was the key, not an understanding of native culture • Only added more mixed messages to the natives • Chief Joseph - Account of his trip to Washington, D.C.

  4. Assimilation • “Kill the Indian, Save the Man” • Separation of children from parents • Unspoken: America’s Native American Boarding Schools 9-16

  5. Supreme Court • Further degradation of Native rights • 1830’s - “domestic dependent nations” • Treaties negotiated until 1867 • 1871 - Banned making treaties w/tribes • Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock- Congress can make Indian policies, all treaties are invalid • Ex Parte Crow Dog- no Indians were citizens unless designated

  6. Legislative efforts • Dawes Act, 1887 • Divy up reservations to make individual homesteads (a la Jefferson) • Only increased whites taking advantage of native land

  7. Custer and Sitting Bull, June 1876 • Custer attacked Sitting Bull at Little Bighorn • Sitting Bull’s win became legend/folklore • Last major victory for plains Indians

  8. Ghost Dance Movement • Goal was to resurrectthe bison and drive the whites off the land • Seen as a threat and a possible cause of war • Wounded Knee Creek 1890 - Sioux Ghost Dances pursued and massacred

  9. Today: • Read the 3 provided sources with the following essential question in mind: • Who was responsible for the Battle of Little Bighorn? • As you read, take notes on the A.P.C.PoV as if you were using this document in a DBQ for extended analysis and create a thesis • We will share at the end of class

  10. Conclusion At the end of your notes: What were the barriers to successful communication between the Natives and the U.S. government?

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