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Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System: Overview & Management

This chapter explores bacterial infections affecting the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, such as sepsis, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, tularemia, brucellosis, and anthrax. Learn about symptoms, transmission, and treatment options.

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Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System: Overview & Management

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  1. Chapter 23, part A Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

  2. The Cardiovascular System and Lymphatics System • Blood—Transports nutrients to and wastes from cells • WBCs—Defend against infection • Lymphatics—Transport interstitial fluid to blood • Lymph nodes—Contain fixed macrophages

  3. The Cardiovascular System Figure 23.1

  4. The Lymphatic System Figure 23.2

  5. Sepsis and Septic Shock • Sepsis • Bacteria growing in the blood • Severe sepsis • Decrease in blood pressure • Septic shock • Low blood pressure cannot be controlled Figure 23.3

  6. Sepsis • Gram-negative Sepsis • Endotoxins caused blood pressure decrease • Antibiotics can worsen condition by killing bacteria • Gram-Positive Sepsis • Nosocomial infections • Staphylococcus aureus • Streptococcus pyogenes • Group B streptococcus • Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis

  7. Sepsis • Puerperal Sepsis (Childbirth fever) • Streptococcus pyogenes • Transmitted to mother during childbirth by attending physicians & midwives

  8. Bacterial Infections of the Heart • Endocarditis • Inflammation of the endocardium • Subacute bacterial endocarditis • Alpha-hemolytic streptococci from mouth • Acute bacterial endocarditis • Staphylococcus aureus from mouth • Pericarditis • Streptococci

  9. Bacterial Infections of the Heart Fgirue 23.4

  10. Rheumatic Fever • Inflammation of heart values • Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes infections Figure 23.5

  11. Tularemia • Francisella tularensis, gram-negative rod • Transmitted from rabbits and deer by deer flies • Bacteria reproduce in phagocytes

  12. Tularemia Figure 23.6

  13. Brucellosis (Undulant Fever) • Brucella, gram-negative rods that grow in phagocytes • B. abortus (elk, bison, cows) • B. suis (swine) • B. melitensis (goats, sheep, camels) • Undulating fever that spikes to 40°C each evening • Transmitted via milk from infected animals or contact with infected animals

  14. Anthrax • Bacillus anthracis, gram-positive, endospore-forming aerobic rod • Found in soil • Cattle are routinely vaccinated • Treated with ciprofloxacin or doxycycline • Cutaneous anthrax • Endospores enter through minor cut • 20% mortality

  15. Anthrax • Gastrointestinal anthrax • Ingestion of undercooked food contaminated food • 50% mortality • Inhalational anthrax • Inhalation of endospores • 100% mortality Figure 23.7

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