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Biological Weapons and Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Explore the history and impacts of biological weapons in spreading diseases like plague and gangrene. Learn about treatment options and common pathogens.

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Biological Weapons and Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

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  1. Chapter 23, part B Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

  2. Biological Weapons • 1346 Plague-ridden bodies used by Tartar army against Kaffa • 1925 Plaque-carrying flea bombs used in the Sino-Japanese War • 1950s U.S. Army spraying of S. marcescens to test weapons dispersal • 1972 International agreement to not possess biological weapons • 1979 B. anthracis weapons plant explosion in the Soviet Union • 1984 S. enterica used against the people of The Dalles • 2001 B. anthracis distributed in the U.S.

  3. Biological Weapons

  4. Gangrene • Ischemia • Loss of blood supply to tissue • Necrosis • Death of tissue • Gangrene • Death of soft tissue • Gas gangrene • Clostridium perfringens, gram-positive, endospore-forming anaerobic rod, grows in necrotic tissue • Treatment includes surgical removal of necrotic tissue and/or hyperbaric chamber

  5. Animal bites and scratches • Pasteurella multocida • Clostridium • Bacteroides • Fusobacterium • Bartonella hensellae • Cat-scratch disease

  6. Plague • Yersinia pestis, gram-negative rod • Reservoir • Rats, ground squirrels, prairie dogs • Vector • Xenopsylla cheopsis • Bubonic plague • Bacterial growth in blood and lymph • Septicemia plague • Septic shock • Pneumonic plague • Bacteria in the lungs

  7. Plague Figure 23.10, 11

  8. Relapsing Fever • Borrelia spp., spirochete • Reservoir • Rodents • Vector • Ticks • Successive relapses are less severe

  9. Lyme Disease • Borreliaburgdorferi • Reservoir • Deer • Vector • Ticks

  10. Lyme Disease Figure 23.13a

  11. Lyme Disease Figure 23.13b, c

  12. Lyme Disease • First symptom • bull's eye rash • Second phase • Irregular heartbeat, encephalitis • Third phase • Arthritis Figure 23.14

  13. Ehrlichiosis • Ehrlichia, gram-negative, obligately intracellular (in white blood cells) • Reservoir • Deer, rodents • Vector • Ticks Figure 23.15

  14. Typhus • Epidemic typhus • Rickettsia prowazekii • Reservoir • Rodents • Vector • Pediculus humanus corporis • Transmitted when louse feces rubbed into bite wound

  15. Typhus • Epidemic murine typhus • Rickettsia typhi • Reservoir • Rodents • Vector • Xenopsylla cheopsis

  16. Spotted Fevers (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) • Rickettsia rickettsii • Measles-like rash except that the rash appears on palms and soles too Figure 23.18

  17. Spotted Fevers (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) Figure 23.16

  18. Tick Life Cycle Figure 23.17

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