World’s Largest Economies – 2012 (est.)

2. World’s Largest Economies – 2012 (est.)

3. U.S. Immigration- christianevanjelicals have tended to oppose ‘amnesty’- recently, domestic evangelization has incorporated enough illegal immigrants to allow the ‘cadre’ to see the “face” of immigrants, and switch from biblical opposition to law-breaking to biblical calls for compassionate acceptance and incorporation.- from a purely political view, evanjelicalsas conservatives are now seeing the burgeoning hispanic vote. Typically, newcomers also influence the host. As always, we are all changed my migration.(Notice that I referred to ‘illegal immigrants’ and then ‘hispanics’ as if they were the same. Tobler’s law still works. Illegal immigration occurs from and to every nation, but mostly from adjacent territories – same as from Africa to Europe)

4. Arab Spring See question #3 of quiz #3. The mode of communication can be exclusive, but information itself is typically exclusive as well. Reuters, April 2, 2011

5. What is the “predominant” U.S. religion?1. The most broadly spread geographically? (such as having the largest plurality of population in the most U.S. counties?)2. Largest total number of adherents in the United States?3. The most broadly spread geographically?4. The most influential, holding the most wealth or public office?

6. Gerrymander (p383 cherry pick, re-district, enhance) Wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering (Illinois 4th congressional district)

7. SLC “Cherry picking?”

8. Religion in the United States Unlike most of the world’s “core” countries, a majority of people in the United States report religion being very important in their lives The United States may be the most religiously diverse country on Earth: most other countries tend to be dominated by one or two religions There are at least 200 Protestant denominations in the United States In the United States, 76% report being Christian, with 51% as Protestant, 24% as Catholic (compare to map) and most of the remainder reporting no affiliation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States

9. Secular & Sectarian The United States is probably the world’s best candidate for being both: • Secular – as in separating religion from governance • Sectarian – as in distinct lines drawn between one religion and another. (This definition does not focus on conflict and unfairness, but only in recognizing the emphasis often placed in distinguishing one sect from another.) Certainly, there is not typically a very positive correlation between orthodox intensity and tolerance of deviation, particularly in regard to religion.

10. Sectionalism & Regionalism(p376) • North v South California contemplated split over manageability of the state and voting patterns; • U.S. civil war: economics, culture, race (Mason Dixon & Missouri compromise; • Quebec and Canada; • Yugoslavia (Balkanization) • Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Russia • Northern Ireland

11. Balkanization – shatter zone(and Serbian roots of WWI) P377 fig 9.32 shows even more geographic complexity For that matter, Poland (and the rest of Eastern Europe have been trampled many times – net worthwhile?

12. NIMBY(p378) The tendency to exclude genuine noxious land uses as well as people who are ‘different’: • Homeless shelters, half-way houses, group homes, anything that might appear to reduce property value or present a management issue. • Vast U.S. case law has broken down ‘redlining’ and restrictive covenants, etc. (no lunch boxes, no pickup trucks, no non-whites, etc.)

13. Cities (Chp 10 – Urbanization p389-420) • 1.6 billion people lack sanitation; 1.7 million will die from contaminated water & poor hygiene; • 40 million in china alone dying from coal-fired personal use of coal; (Jack Hamilton, UEES); • Half of world population lives in cities; (p390 – compare to 6th edition) • 80% of periphery will be in cities (and 60% of all people) by 2030; • Anciently, cities were relatively more for protection (hilltops) and hosted the first farm surplus results – modern cities foster innovation, foment, escape, and progress, specialization, trade; • Anciently, leading cities were + 150,000; today hundreds of cities top 1,000,000;

14. World’s Ports and Largest Cities(22/30 are seaports? – p411) • Mumbai(12?), Lagos(11) Cape Town(4), Sydney(5), Singapore(5), Bangkok(8), Kolkata(14), Hong Kong(16), Taipei, Osaka, Tokyo(13-36), Sapporo, Shanghai(17), Istanbul(14), Hamburg, London(13), Rotterdam(0.6), St. Petersburg, Barcelona, Marseille(0.8), Rio de Janeiro(6), Buenos Aires(21), Miami(3), New York(8), Washington DC(0.7), Boston(0.6), Chicago(3), Toronto(3), Los Angeles(13), Cairo(13), Seattle(2), Manila(12) , Sao Paulo(12), Brussels(1), Amsterdam(0.7), Dhaka(7) • Non-ports: Beijing (15), Bogota(8), Delhi(22?), Karachi(13), Lima(8), Mexico City(21), Seoul(11), Moscow(12) • Note: What is the difference between city proper and the MSA, MTA, environs? • It is easy to see the trend in peripheral urban growth far exceeding core-city growth. • Major cause of peripheral urban growth is onset of demographic transition (LD/HB) • Over-urbanization – lack of jobs and housing (over “ruralization” too?)

15. Miami as Latin American Gateway • English speaking • About 2.5 million people • Located at extreme northern edge of a mostly southern hemispheric realm

16. Counter-urbanization(p416) • Many core cities lost population (as in “rust belt”) but only temporarily; (re-concentration based on deepening specialization continues anew) • “Demand for information and communcations technologies is overwhelmingly driven by the growth of metropolitan markets”; (I thought it was the other way around) • Splintering, specialization neighborhoods, enclaves, gated cities, theme districts;

17. Palestinian-Israeli Conflict(sec 9.3 –p 380) • Textbook page 380): “The official Jewish state of Israel is a mid-twentieth century construction that has its roots in the emergence of Zionism, a late nineteenth-century European movement. Zionism’s chief objective has been the establishment of a legally recognized home in Palestine for the Jewish people.” • How would it sound to ‘establish a Muslim homeland in Zion?’

18. Balfour Declaration • British defeat at Gallipoli – Dardanelles • Balfour Declaration – Mandate for Palestine • U.S.A. entered WWI • Withdrawal of Czarist Russia from WWI • Collapse of Ottoman Empire (1920) (Britain lost the fight, but won the war) • Firmed-up British control in Middle East (and oil) • 1923 – Kemal pushed Turkey to the West

19. Palestine • Is level of conflict and international attention meaningfully related to: • Geographic size of the region? • Economic productivity in world markets? • Location as a node, crossroads or key linkage? • Importance for technology, communication or world/regional leadership or influence? <maybe?> • Else? The place of Judaism in world affairs? <not proportionate to its population>

20. Palestine

21. British withdrawal (to U.N.) in 1948 U.S. persistence in Middle East as of 2014 The emerging role of China – how do we separately define Asia? Allegedly: - China views Asia as the entire continent and much of the Middle East (including its oil); - The United States views Asia as the western Pacific rim, particularly N/S line from China through Vietnam; (The Dispensable Nation).

22. New World Order (NOW) (p364)<your view?> With collapse of Soviet block the NOW assumes that U.S. becomes sole superpower (dominance in culture, politics and economics) for promotion of liberal democracy and globalization through transnationals. “Terrorism is becoming an increasingly important factor in global geopolitics.” (p 364) World’s largest supplier of armaments?

23. Terrorism <read from page 365, 2nd column> P363 – “domino theory” <SLCC history teacher said that a strong king in Thailand blocked spread of communism after Vietnam. Do we have a new “domino theory” in the alleged rise of Islam?

24. Cuban vs Turkish Missile SitesWhat is the purpose of Guantanamo Bay and concurrent economic sanctions?

25. Read from p357 – colonization created a north-south divide – imperialists above (!) and periphery below. “The crucial point is that a relation of dependence was set up between . . . “