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COMPARATIVE APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY

COMPARATIVE APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY. The Five Factor Model of Personality. LECTURE OUTLINE. Background Five Factor Model Is the FFM universal? Etic research Emic research Is the FFM sufficient?. LECTURE OUTLINE (cont). Cross-cultural Validity of the FFM

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COMPARATIVE APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY

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  1. COMPARATIVE APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY The Five Factor Model of Personality

  2. LECTURE OUTLINE • Background • Five Factor Model • Is the FFM universal? • Etic research • Emic research • Is the FFM sufficient?

  3. LECTURE OUTLINE (cont) • Cross-cultural Validity of the FFM • Age and gender differences across cultures • Convergent validity • Cross-cultural comparisons • Interpretations and implications

  4. BACKGROUND • Trait theories • Comparative approaches and taxonomies

  5. FIVE FACTOR MODEL • Costa and McRae • Psycho-lexical approach • 4000 trait names in English • Reduced to five factors

  6. NEUROTICISM • Vs. adjustment • Inclination to construct, perceive and feel reality as problematic, threatening, and difficult

  7. EXTRAVERSION • Vs. introversion • Quantity and intensity of social relationships with the environment • Tendency to engage or seek contact

  8. OPENNESS • Active search for and love of new experiences • Eagerness for novelty without anxiety

  9. AGREEABLENESS • Concerns nature of one’s relationships with others • Dimension of compassion to antagonism

  10. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS • Persistency of behaviour and control of impulses • Dynamic (e.g., task orientation) and control (e.g., organization) elements

  11. NEO PI • Neuroticism • Anxiety • Angry hostility • Depression • Self consciousness • Impulsiveness • Vulnerability

  12. NEO PI • Extraversion • Warmth • Gregariousness • Assertiveness • Activity • Excitement-seeking • Positive emotions

  13. NEO PI • Openness • Fantasy • Aesthetics • Feelings • Actions • Ideas • Values

  14. NEO PI • Agreeableness • Trust • Straightforwardness • Altruism • Compliance • Modesty • Tendermindedness

  15. NEO PI • Conscientiousness • Competence • Order • Dutifulness • Achievement striving • Self discipline • Deliberation

  16. SAMPLE ITEMS • I am not a worrier. • I like to have a lot of people around me. • I try to be courteous to everyone I meet. • I like to keep my belongings neat and clean. • I don’t like to waste my time on day-dreaming.

  17. FACTOR STRUCTURE: NEUROTICISM

  18. FACTOR STRUCTURE: EXTRAVERSION

  19. FACTOR STRUCTURE: OPENNESS

  20. FACTOR STRUCTURE: AGREEABLENESS

  21. FACTOR STRUCTURE: CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

  22. COEFFICIENTS OF CONGRUENCE

  23. COEFFICIENTS OF CONGRUENCE

  24. EMIC STUDIES • In some psycho-lexical emic studies (e.g., Italy, Hungary) Openness cannot be extracted • In some instances more than 5 factors emerge

  25. IS THE FFM SUFFICIENT? • Cheung and Leung CPAI and NEO PI research with Chinese • Additional factors: Interpersonal Relatedness (harmony, face, relationship orientation) • IR factor replicated in Hawaii

  26. AGE DIFFERENCES ON NEO-PI • N,E,and O decline from adolescence to 30 • A and C increase from adolescence to 30 • Same trends apparent after 30 but at slower rate

  27. CORRELATIONS WITH EPQ AND HOFSTEDE DIMENSIONS

  28. CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

  29. INTERPRETATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS • Issues of structural and metric equivalence • Issue of comprehensiveness • Issue of “traitedness” • Issue of theoretical rationale

  30. QUESTION • Is the comparative approach to personality a useful endeavour?

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