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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. SC Physical Science Standard. PS-3.8 Classify various solutions as acids or bases according to their physical properties, chemical properties (including neutralization and reaction with metals), generalized formulas, and pH (using pH meters, pH paper, and litmus paper).

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. SC Physical Science Standard • PS-3.8 • Classify various solutions as acids or bases according to their physical properties, chemical properties (including neutralization and reaction with metals), generalized formulas, and pH (using pH meters, pH paper, and litmus paper).

  3. Acids and Bases Acids produce H+ in solutions HCl H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) Bases produce OH- in solutions • NaOH Na+(aq) + OH- (aq) H20 H2O

  4. Determining pH • pH- a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration • pH scale ranges from 0 – 14 • pH of an acid is 0 – 7 • Acids have more H+ than OH-. • The lower the pH the more acidic the solution. • pH of a base is 7 – 14 • Bases have less H+ than OH-. • The higher the pH the more basic the solution. • pH of neutral is 7 • Neutral has equal H+ and OH-. • Neutral is neither acid nor base. • Water is neutral.

  5. Determining pH • pH is tested for two ways: • 1. pH meter- gives a digital reading of the pH of a solution • 2. indicator- a compound that turns different colors based on the pH of the solution it is in (example: litmus paper, phenolphthalein)

  6. Properties of Acids • Produce H+ (H3O+) in solution • Formulas start with H • - Taste sour • Neutralize bases • Corrosive to skin and tissue • Acids turn litmus paper red

  7. Corrosive to metals • react with metals to produce hydrogen gas Are electrolytes in solution -conduct electricity

  8. Common Acids Acetic Acid - HC2H3O2 - Vinegar Folic acid - orange juice

  9. Phosphoric acid - H3PO4 - soda Ascorbic acid - vitamin C - citrus fruits

  10. Hydrochloric acid • HCl • stomach acid Sulfuric Acid -H2SO4 - Car batteries, industry

  11. Properties of Bases • Produce OH- in solution • Have OH in formula • Taste bitter • Neutralize acids • Corrosive to skin and body tissues • Turn Litmus paper blue

  12. Feel slippery Electrolytes in solution

  13. Common Bases Mg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide antacids NH3 Ammonia cleaners; fertilizer Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide also in fertilizers (lime)

  14. NaOH Sodium hydroxide Drano Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide Antiperspirants

  15. Acid – Base Neutralization • Neutralization- • The process of Acids and Bases reacting to form a Salt and Water. • This is called neutralization because the in forming water, the H+ and the OH- are equal in solution.

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