Cellular Respiration

1. Cellular Respiration Ms. Scerra

2. Do Now This is a review of photosynthesis, in order for you to understand cellular respiration. How do Autotrophs obtain energy? How do Heterotrophs obtain energy? True or False: After we produce energy it is destroyed when we use it. Cellular Respiration only occurs in animals

3. Cellular Respiration Definition • The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell. • Oxygen is used to break down organic molecules (glucose).

4. How does Cellular respiration compare to photosynthesis? Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Inputs and Outputs End Game Cellular Formula Similarities • Inputs and Outputs • End Game • Cellular Formula • Differences

5. Clothespin Activity Do not begin until I tell you to do so. How do your fingers feel? Why?

6. Biological Processes require…Energy • Squeezing the clothespin, like other biological processes, requires energy. • The energy needed is provided by the breakdown of sugars in food to form ATP (cellular respiration) • CR requires Oxygen, but after some time cells are unable to provide the needed amount of oxygen, and lactic acid fermentation occurs. • When lactic acid builds up, the muscles feel sore and fatigued.

7. Please Begin Lab:You will be creating an experiment for the other lab class, as they will for you because this lab takes 2 days to complete.

8. Do Now • What is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration? • What organelle is in this picture? • Do plants perform Cellular Respiration?

9. The basic Steps of Cellular Respiration Step 1: Glycolysis (anerobic) Step 2: Krebs Cycle (aerobic) Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)

10. What is the difference? Anaerobic - Does not require Oxygen Aerobic - Does require Oxygen

12. glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm From the Greek words: Glykysmeaning sweet Lysismeaning to Rupture or break ATP = Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

13. Glycolysis Phosphate groups from 2 ATP are transferred to 1 six-carbon molecule (glucose) for energy producing 2 ADP. That 1 six-carbon molecule (glucose) splits into two 3-carbon molecules (G3P). Then 2 ADP’s are added and electrons & combine with 2 molecules to form 2 NADP molecules. Finally 2 G3P compounds are converted into 2 molecules of Pyruvate & at the same time, 4 molecules of ATP are produced. The net total being 2 ATP molecules http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

14. What are the inputs and outputs? Input Output From the split of Glucose, it creates… 1 ADP Then from the use of energy we get… 2 APT NADH (similar to NADP) 2 Pyruvates • 1 • 2 ATP Turns into… • 2 G3P With help of… • 2 ADP • 1 It Creates what’s needed for the Kreb’s Cycle

15. Let’s try some questions… 1. Where does glycolysis occur? 2. What are the inputs of glycolysis? 3. If there are 6 glucose molecules that enter glycolysis, how many total ATP molecules are produced? What is the net total? 4. What is the goal of glycolysis?

16. Do now • What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic? • Why is there a net output of 2 ATP for 1 glucose in Glycolysis and not 4 ATP? • Where does Glycolysis occur in the cell?

17. Kreb’s Cycle • In the presence of Oxygen, pyruvate is transported into the Mitochondrial Matrix, where it is eventually converted to . • This series of reactions is called the Kreb’s Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle. • This cycle is aerobic.

20. Do Now • How many NADH are made from 4 glucose molecules? • If 6 FADH2 are produced in the Kreb’scycle, how many glucose molecules did you start with? • How many ATP are made in Kreb’sif you start with 10 pyruvates?