1 / 32

Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution. Chapter 8. The 1 st Industrial Revolution. During the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries, the US experienced the 1 st Industrial Revolution. It was a time when advances in technology led to massive economic changes.

ignatius-mcleod
Download Presentation

Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution Chapter 8

  2. The 1st Industrial Revolution • During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the US experienced the 1st Industrial Revolution. It was a time when advances in technology led to massive economic changes. • Before the industrial revolution, national economies were based on the cottage industry. Manufacturing was slow. • With industrialization, factories transformed manufacturing and replaced manual labor with machines. • The revolution began in Britain, but soon spread to the US, impacting trade and economies worldwide.

  3. Eli Whitney • One of the most important inventors of the 1st Industrial Rev was Eli Whitney. In 1793, he invented the cotton gin. This machine allowed people to process harvested cotton much faster and made the South “King Cotton.” • The cotton gin actually increased slavery in the South, b/c it made cotton production more profitable. Led to an increase in the Southern plantation system. • While Whitney’s cotton gin impacted the South, his interchangeable parts transformed the economy in the North. • Interchangeable parts made mass production possible, and soon spread from muskets to other industries.

  4. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

  5. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

  6. Other Inventions • Samuel Slater helped introduce the idea of using machine manufacturing in factories to produce more foods in less time. • Robert Fulton revolutionized the shipment of manufactured goods and agricultural products with his steam-powered boat. • Samuel Morse’s telegraph, John Deere’s steel plow, and Cyrus McCormick’s reaper helped make it possible to settle new territories in the West.

  7. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

  8. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

  9. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  10. New York City & the Erie Canal • In 1798, Samuel Slater opened a textile mill (factory that makes fabric) in Rhode Island. • His system of using mills to mass produce textiles revolutionized the industry and by the end of 1814, mills were common in NYC. • This helped make NY a key economic center for the country. • New York’s port became a major center for shipping and trades, and the arrival point of thousands of immigrants. • New York also prospered thanks to the Erie Canal. The canal provided a new shipping route from Lake Erie to the Hudson River, connecting NY to the Great Lakes. • Erie canal makes NY a dominant commercial, and increases migration to Great Lakes area. It allows people to travel much more cheaply • Along with Robert Fulton’s steamboat, the Erie Canal enhanced the econ of NY and the NW.

  11. Erie Canal System

  12. Sectionalism • The Indust Rev also gave rise to sectionalism: the economic, social, cultural, and political differences that existed btwn N and S. • As Whitney’s cotton gin helped transform the S into a plantation system dependent on slaves and cotton, the North became a region dependent on factories and immigrant labor. • These econ differences caused strains on the nation that led to disputes (leading up to the Civil War). • Thus, Industrialization ultimately led to both westward expansion and the civil War.

  13. Assessment • In what ways did the Industrial Revolution impact both the N and S United States? How did it impact western territories? • Who invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts? • Eli Whitney • Samuel Slater • Robert Fulton • Cyrus McCormick

  14. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  15. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  16. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

  17. OliverEvans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

  18. The Northern Industrial

  19. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  20. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  21. Principal Canals in 1840

  22. Assessment • What is infrastructure, and how was Henry Clay’s American Plan designed to build it? • What effect did the Erie Canal have? • It hurt New York b/c other cities could better compete with it economically. • It discouraged western migration • Steam-powered boats were no longer useful b/c the canal encouraged land travel. • New York’s economy grew b/c the canal allowed manufacturers to ship products more easily.

  23. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

  24. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  25. Lowell in 1850

  26. Lowell Mill

  27. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

  28. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

  29. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

  30. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  31. New England Dominance in Textiles

  32. ECONOMIC? POLITICAL? The results of early 19c industrialization in America? SOCIAL? FUTUREPROBLEMS?

More Related