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Understanding the Skeletal System: Key Terms and Functions of Bones

This overview of the skeletal system outlines essential terminology and definitions for understanding bone types, joint classifications, and their physiological functions. The skeletal system supports and protects vital organs, produces blood cells, stores minerals and fat, and facilitates movement. Key terms, such as long, short, flat, and irregular bones, are defined along with their examples. Additionally, joint types including synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis are detailed, providing insight into their structure and movement capabilities.

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Understanding the Skeletal System: Key Terms and Functions of Bones

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  1. Skeletal System

  2. Terms • Using page 30 write the terms and their definitions that you do not know • Using page 31 label and define the planes of the body

  3. Pre/WR/Suff Vocab • arthro • Cardio • Cephalo • Chondro • Dermo • Myo • Os/osteo • Thoraco • Tri • Bi • Superficial • Deep • Articulation • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton • Agonist • Antagonist • Synergist

  4. Please Read pgs 39-46

  5. Functions • Support • Protect • Produce blood cells • Store minerals and fat • Provide movement

  6. Types of Bones • Long • Short • Flat • Irregular

  7. Long bone • = longer than they are wide, tubular shape • Examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna • Compact bone: dense (found at ends) • Spongy bone: cancellous (found in shaft) • Hematopoiesis = red blood cell formation • Occurs in spongy bone

  8. Short bone • = cube shape, lengths and widths equal • Example: • Metacarpals • Metatarsals • phalanges

  9. Flat bone • = plate like, broad surfaces • Examples: • Cranium • Sternum • Ribs • pelvis

  10. Irregular bone • = varied shapes with connections for other bones • Examples: • Vertebrae • Patella • Sphenoid

  11. Joints • Classified by: • Amount of movement they allow • According to their structure • 3 Types • Synarthrosis • Amphiarthrosis • Diarthrosis • Synarthrosis • Sometimes fused together • Examples: • Innominate (ischium, ilium, pubic) • Sacrum • Cranium (sutures)

  12. Joints • Amphiarthrosis • = slightly moveable • Examples: • Pubic symphysis • Manubrium & Sternum • Coraco-acromial jt.

  13. Joints • Diarthrosis • Aka synovial • = freely moveable • 6 types • 1. saddle • Thumb, freely moveable • 2. ball and socket • Hip, shoulder. Movements in all planes • 3. Pivot • Prox radius/ulna. Rotation only • 4. Hinge • Elbow, knee. Flexion and extension • 5. Gliding • Carpas/tarsals, ribs/vertebrae. • 6. Condyloid • Scaphoid/radius, occipital/atlas. All movements but rotation

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