Download
1 / 8
80 likes | 277 Views
Agenda. Sparta and Athens. What do we know? Sparta and Athens. I. Sparta: The Military Ideal. A. Established by invaders from the north who conquered the Peloponnesus. Conquered people called helots. Established Sparta – in a valley, not on a hill. B. Spartan Society
E N D
Agenda Sparta and Athens • What do we know? • Sparta and Athens
I. Sparta: The Military Ideal A. Established by invaders from the north who conquered the Peloponnesus. • Conquered people called helots. • Established Sparta – in a valley, not on a hill. B. Spartan Society • Three social groups (classes) • Equals – descended from invaders – controlled the city-state. • Half-citizens – free, but without political power – farmers, traders, industry. They served in the army. • Helots – Slaves who made up the majority of the population. Controlled by force.
I. Sparta: The Military Ideal C. Government in Sparta • Two kings – one for the army and one for home. • Council of elders – 28 men who proposed laws and acted as a criminal court. • Assembly • Voted on laws proposed by elders. • Elected 5 ephors to one-year terms to make sure the kings obeyed the law.
I. Sparta: The Military Ideal D. Life in Sparta’s military society • Controlled the life of all citizens – especially helots. • Unhealthy babies left to die. • At 7 – boys went to military school. Learned reading/writing and trained for the military. From 18-20 – trained exclusively for war. • At 20 – could marry, but could not live at home until they were 30. Served in the military until 60. • Girls – received physical training and studied music (for discipline and coordination). • Gave up individual freedom for an unbeatable army. • No art, literature, philosophy or science from Sparta.
II. Athens: The birth of democracy. • Unfertile land leads Athenians to become sea traders. • Introduced coined money in 600s BCE • City built inland, but constructed port for trading. • Athenian Society • Citizens – Athenian born men. • Metics – non-citizens - free – merchants and artisans. • Slaves – conquered in war. Natural part of society. Freed slaves become metics. Slaves/metics = half of the population.
II. Athens: The birth of democracy. E. Early government in Athens • After monarchy – Aristocracy • Assembly – all adult male citizens participated. • 9 Archons elected as rulers. • At first – laws not written – caused complaints by non-aristocrats. • Draco – first written laws (circa 621 BCE) – harsh and severe – “Draconian” • Solon • Archon in 594 BCE – erased debts of the poor and outlawed slavery as repayment of debt. • Divided citizens in 4 groups based on wealth. Only top two could hold office but all citizens elected leaders. • Peisistratus – tyrant – improved economy, but did not have support of nobles. Government returns to aristocracy after him.
II. Athens: The birth of democracy. F. Athenian democracy • Cleisthenes – first leader to create democratic government in Athens. • Athens divided into 10 tribes. Each tribe had 50 representatives (Council of Five Hundred). Served for 1 year at a time – could only be re-elected once. • Assembly (all adult-male citizens) had final say on all laws proposed by Council of Five Hundred. • Jurors chosen from citizens by lot – heard court cases – voted in secret ballots. • Direct democracy – all citizens participate equally in decision-making. • Representative democracy (U.S. today) – citizens elect representatives to govern for them.
